The English Abbey and the Modern Gothic Nation in Northanger Abbey and Emma
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In her portrayal of the English abbey in Northanger Abbey (1817) and Emma (1816), Jane Austen explores the place of the Gothic in modern England within the context of English nationalism. By establishing the ancient abbeys which evoked nostalgic feelings as the home of two English gentlemen, General Tilney and Mr. Knightley, she investigates two different ways of imagining the past and the future of the nation. Conflicting and conflated views of the ancient Gothic heritage in conjunction with the modern ethic of improvement complicate understandings of the changing landscape of modern England. Austen examines the two sides of improvement by depicting how the two gentlemen manage their respective abbeys. By doing so, the Gothic is revisited to re-evaluate modern England. In Northanger Abbey, Austen criticizes modern corruption driven by excessive pursuit of wealth through General Tilney and his home. Northanger Abbey, despite its luxurious improvement by the General, reflects how “gothic” modern England is in the pejorative sense of the term as reflected in the contemporary gothic fictions. The novelist reveals the vulnerability of modern society by emphasizing how the military defender of the nation is in fact the most corrupted individual in a money-driven society. In Emma, Austen presents Mr. Knightley’s Donwell Abbey as an ideal community. The unpretentious Abbey is represented as the emblem of true “Englishness” unadulterated by the fashionable new vogue of landscape gardening. As the embodiment of a new ideal of the English national identity, Mr. Knightley embodies the ancient virtues of the Gothic past. By doing so, he participates in forming a modern nation which is anchored in more horizontal relationships between individuals based on a community of mutual respect and care. Austen’s portrayal of an equal partnership between Mr. Knightley and Emma reflects the growing importance of women’s role in forging a morally secure modern home and nation.
Abstract
In her portrayal of the English abbey in Northanger Abbey (1817) and Emma (1816), Jane Austen explores the place of the Gothic in modern England within the context of English nationalism. By establishing the ancient abbeys which evoked nostalgic feelings as the home of two English gentlemen, General Tilney and Mr. Knightley, she investigates two different ways of imagining the past and the future of the nation. Conflicting and conflated views of the ancient Gothic heritage in conjunction with the modern ethic of improvement complicate understandings of the changing landscape of modern England. Austen examines the two sides of improvement by depicting how the two gentlemen manage their respective abbeys. By doing so, the Gothic is revisited to re-evaluate modern England. In Northanger Abbey, Austen criticizes modern corruption driven by excessive pursuit of wealth through General Tilney and his home. Northanger Abbey, despite its luxurious improvement by the General, reflects how “gothic” modern England is in the pejorative sense of the term as reflected in the contemporary gothic fictions. The novelist reveals the vulnerability of modern society by emphasizing how the military defender of the nation is in fact the most corrupted individual in a money-driven society. In Emma, Austen presents Mr. Knightley’s Donwell Abbey as an ideal community. The unpretentious Abbey is represented as the emblem of true “Englishness” unadulterated by the fashionable new vogue of landscape gardening. As the embodiment of a new ideal of the English national identity, Mr. Knightley embodies the ancient virtues of the Gothic past. By doing so, he participates in forming a modern nation which is anchored in more horizontal relationships between individuals based on a community of mutual respect and care. Austen’s portrayal of an equal partnership between Mr. Knightley and Emma reflects the growing importance of women’s role in forging a morally secure modern home and nation.
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