한일 작가가 바라본 신정론(神正論)의 문제들 - 엔도 슈사쿠와 이문열의 경우를 중심으로 -
Issues in Theodicy from the Views of Korean and Japanese Writers - Based on the Analysis of Endo Shusaku and Yi Munyol -
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本稿は遠藤周作の『青い小さな葡萄』と李文烈の『人間の息子』に描かれた神義論の様々な側面を中心に試してみたものである。ふたつの作品を比べてみたところ遠藤は既存の枠組みを意味する‘作法‘ではなく、新しく創作の過程を模索するという意味での‘ある小説方法‘を持ち出し作り上げられるものまたはさっぱりわからないものと神義論を見つめている。それに対し李文烈は神義論を感覚することにおいて自らの主人公にカトリック神学の幅広い理論を言わせていることで遠藤との違いを見せている。 また遠藤は神義論の矛盾を表すものである人間の悲惨な状況を乗り越え和解に導くものとみすぼらしい人間がもつ許しや愛の姿を記しているが李文烈は強い力をもつものとしてのイエスを登場させ神義論の矛盾を克服させている。そして遠藤はアウシュビッツで浮上した‘悪’の問題に集中して神義論を解いていくのに対し李文烈は政治また社会的なとこるから神義論のゆくえを描き出している。 二人の作家が示しているこのような違いは韓国と日本の宗教文化の上でカトリックのいうメシアや悪や救いの問題などがどのように認識され認められているのかを表しているということからもその意味は大きい。
Abstract
The present paper examines issues in theodicy reflected in Korean and Japanese literary works. For this purpose, Endo Shusaku's A Little Green Grape and Yi Munyol's The Son of Man are analyzed. In perceptive senses of theodicy, Endo's description of theodicy in A Little Green Grape is something to be developed with "methods" as it is "unknown." Yi Munyol, on the other hand, describes theodicy in a broader sense, using more details based on Biblical Theology and Liberation Theology. Endo's work involves in his work loving humans as a mediator for overcoming unreasonable adversities in theodicy, whereas Yi's work involves Messiah with mighty power as the mediator, who is Jesus. As to the ultimate orientation of theodicy, Endo is focused on the issues of "evil" as in the massacre in Auschwitz, while Yi pursues the salvation of people with political and social connotations. The findings of this paper are significant in that the differences in theodicy between the two literary works are interlinked with the perspectives of Korea and Japan towards the Catholic issues of Messiah, evil and salvation.
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