A Descriptive Analysis of Korean EFL Learners’ Refusals with Implication for Second Language Pragmatics
1
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Among the speech acts we engage in daily, refusals are one of face-threatening acts because interlocutors’ negative face can be threatened. In light of cross-cultural communication, therefore, even for the fluent EFL learners, the inappropriate use of refusals in some situations often results in interpersonal communication breakdown. Relying on the two means of data collection from 20 Korean EFL learners and 20 native English speakers, this study examines how the Korean EFL learners perform refusal speech act when they refuse invitations and how their speech act of refusals differ from those of native speakers of Standard varieties of English. Pedagogical implications were made helping the EFL learners develop pragmatic competence for successful communication.
Abstract
Among the speech acts we engage in daily, refusals are one of face-threatening acts because interlocutors’ negative face can be threatened. In light of cross-cultural communication, therefore, even for the fluent EFL learners, the inappropriate use of refusals in some situations often results in interpersonal communication breakdown. Relying on the two means of data collection from 20 Korean EFL learners and 20 native English speakers, this study examines how the Korean EFL learners perform refusal speech act when they refuse invitations and how their speech act of refusals differ from those of native speakers of Standard varieties of English. Pedagogical implications were made helping the EFL learners develop pragmatic competence for successful communication.
참고문헌 (50)
- Alcon Soler, E., "and A. Martinez-Flor. Pragmatics in Instructed Language Learning", System : An International Journal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 33, pp.436~452 (2005)
- Bardovi-Harlig, K, "Exploring the Interlanguage of Interlanguage Pragmatics: A Resrarch Agenda for Acuisitional Pragmatics", Language Learning, 49, pp.677~714 (1999)
- Bardovi-Harlig, K., "Evaluating the Empirical Evidence: Grounds for Instruction in Pragmatics, In Pragmatics in Language Teaching", pp.13~32 (2001), Cambridge University Press
- Bardovi-Harlig, K., "Saying 'no' in English: Native and Nonnative Rejections, In Pragmatics and Language Learning", pp.41~58 (1991), University Illinois Press
- "Teaching Pragmatics" (2003)[URL]
- Beebe, L. M., "Do You Have a Bag? Social Status and Patterned Variation in Second Language Acquisition, In Variation in Second Language Acquisition" (1989), Multilingual Matters
- Beebe, L. M., "Pragmatic Transfer in ESL Refusals, In Developing Communicative Competence in a Second Language", pp.55~74 (1990), Newbury House
- Blum-Kulka, S., "Learning to Say What You Mean in a Second Language: A Study of the Speech Act Performance of Learners of Hebrew as a Second Language", Applied Linguistics, 3, pp.29~59 (1982)
- Blum-Kulka, S, "Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies" (1989), Ablex
- Blum-Kulka, S, "Requests and Apologies: A Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act REalization Patterns", Applied Linguistics, 5, pp.196~213 (1986)
- Bouton, L, "Conversational Implicature in a Second Language: Learned Slowly When not Deliberately Taught", Journal of Pragmatics, 22, pp.157~167 (1994)
- Brown, P., "Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage" (1987), Cambridge University Press
- 길인숙, "The Interlanguage Development of Five Korean English Learners", 언어학, 11(4), pp.247~264 (2003), 대한언어학회
- Canale, M., "Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second Language Teaching and Testing", Applied Linguistics, 1, pp.1~47 (1980)
- Cohen, A., "Developing a Measure of Sociocultural Competence : the Case of Apology", Language Learning, 31, pp.113~134 (1981)
- Faerch, C., "Internal and External Modification in Interlanguage Request Realization, In Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies", pp.221~247 (1989)
- Garcia, P., "Meaning in Academic Contexts: A Corpus-Based Study of Pragmatic Utterances", 박사, pp.2004
- Han, S. K., "The Interlanguage Pragmatic Development of the Speech Act of Requests by Korean Non-native Speakers of English in an ESL Setting", 박사, pp.2005
- House, J, "Interlanguage Pragmatics: Requesting in a Foreign Language, In Perspective on Language in Performance: Studies in Linguistics, Literary Criticism and Language Teaching and Learning", pp.1250~1287 (1987), Narr
- Kasper, G, "Variation in Interlanguage Speech Act Realization, In Variation in Second Language Acquisition", pp.37~58 (1989), Multilingual Matters
- Kasper, G, "Pragmatic Transfer", Second Language Research, 8(3), pp.203~231 (1992)
- Kasper, G., "Research Methods in Interlanguage Pragmatics", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12, pp.215~247 (1991)
- Kasper, G., "Pragmatic Development in a Second Language" (2002), Blackwell
- Kim, H. K., "The Role of the Learner Subjectivity and Pragmatic Transfer in the Performance of Requests by Korean ESL Learners", 박사, pp.2007
- Kim, H. R., "Long-term Effects of Pragmatic Instruction on Korean EFL University Students' Requests", 박사, pp.2011
- Kim, I. O., "Relationship of Onset Age of ESL Acquisition and Extent of Informal Input to Appropriateness and Nativeness in Performing Four Speech Acts in English: A Study of Native Korean Adult Speakers of ESL", 박사, pp.2005
- Kim, J., "Could You Calm Down More?: Requests and Korean ESL Learners", Working Papers in Educational Linguistics, 11(2), pp.67~82 (1995)
- 김경령, "Pragmatic Transference in Refusals", 이중언어학, 26(26), pp.23~44 (2004), 이중언어학회
- Kim, Y. G., "A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Refusal Strategy Use between Korean EFL Learners and Native English Speakers", 석사, pp.2008
- Kinginger, C., "Assessing Development of Meta-Pragmatic Awareness in Study Abroad", Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10, pp.19~42 (2004)
- Kwon, J. H, "Expressing Refusals in Korean and in American English", Multiligua, 23(4), pp.339~364 (2004)
- Liao, C, "A Contrastive Pragmatic Study on American English and Madarin Refusal Strategies", Language Science, 18, pp.703~727 (1996)
- Lyuh, I. O., "The Art of Refusal: Comparison of Korean and American Cultures", 박사, pp.1992
- Nelson, G, "-Cultural Pragmatics: Strategy Use in Egyptian Arabic and American English Refusals", Applied Linguistics, 23(2), pp.163~189 (2002)
- Robinson, M., "Introspective Methodology in Interlanguage Pragmatic Research. In Pragmatics of Japanese as Native and Target Language" (1992), University of Hawaii
- Rose, K., "Pragmatics in Language Teaching" (2001), Cambridge University Press
- Rose, K, "Inductive and Deductive Teaching of Compliments and Complement Responses, In Pragmatics in Language Teaching", pp.145~170 (2001), Cambridge University Press
- Rose, K., "Eliciting Speech Act Data in Japanese: The Effect of Questionnaire Type", Language Learning, 45(2), pp.191~223 (1995)
- Rue, Y., "Request Strategies : A Comparative Study in Mandarin Chinese and Korean" (2008), John Benjamins
- Schauer, G., "The Development of ESL Learners’ Pragmatic Competence: A Longitudinal Investigation of Awareness and Production, In Pragmatics and Language Learning, 11", pp.135~163 (2006), University of Hawaii at Manoa, National Foreign Language Resource Center
- Schimidt, R, "Awareness in Second Language Acquisition", Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 13, pp.206~266 (1993)
- Searle, J. R., "Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language" (1969), Oxford University Press
- Silva, A, "The Effects of Instruction on Pragmatic Development: Teaching Polite Refusals in English", Second Language Studies, 22(1), pp.55~106 (2003)
- Suh, J., "Interlangauge Requests by Korean Learners of English as a Second Language", 박사, pp.1999
- Taguchi, N, "Task Difficulty in Oral Speech Act", Applied Linguistics, 28(1), pp.113~135 (2007)
- Thomas, J., "Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failure", Applied Linguistics, 4, pp.91~112 (1983)
- 양은미, "A Study on Routine Formulas and Downgraders of Request Act in High School English Textbooks", 영어어문교육, 11(2), pp.111~134 (2005), 한국영어어문교육학회
- Yoon, H. K., "Appropriateness of Korean EFL Learners’ Refusals vis Open Role-Plays", 박사, pp.2010
- Yoshim, D. R, "Explicit Instruction and JFL Learners’ Use of Interactional Discourse Markers, In Pragmatics in Language Teaching", pp.223~244 (2001), Cambridge University Press
- 유경애, "Explicitness for Requests Is a Politer Strategy than Implicitness in Korean", 담화와 인지, 11(1), pp.173~194 (2004), 담화·인지언어학회
