Entitlement and Two Formats of Interrogative Requests in E-mail Interactions
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
We, based on a discourse analysis framework (i.e. methodology of Conversation Analysis), demonstrate that the two interrogative formats of indirect requests, ‘Can you …?’ and ‘Will you …?’, are used not in random manners but in pragmatically constrained manners. In comparing the two interrogative formats with modal verbs used in E-mail interactions, we propose that speakers’ selectional patterns of one linguistic format over the other for the same speech act of request reflect their orientation to entitlement to request rather than politeness, undermining Clark and Schunk’s (1980) politeness approach. As such, our study on the E-mail interactions will eventually guide ESL and EFL learners to realizing that speakers (or E-mail senders) rely more on the pragmatic factor of entitlement than politeness in making requests, especially, in the workplace setting.
Abstract
We, based on a discourse analysis framework (i.e. methodology of Conversation Analysis), demonstrate that the two interrogative formats of indirect requests, ‘Can you …?’ and ‘Will you …?’, are used not in random manners but in pragmatically constrained manners. In comparing the two interrogative formats with modal verbs used in E-mail interactions, we propose that speakers’ selectional patterns of one linguistic format over the other for the same speech act of request reflect their orientation to entitlement to request rather than politeness, undermining Clark and Schunk’s (1980) politeness approach. As such, our study on the E-mail interactions will eventually guide ESL and EFL learners to realizing that speakers (or E-mail senders) rely more on the pragmatic factor of entitlement than politeness in making requests, especially, in the workplace setting.
참고문헌 (19)
- Austin, J. L., "How to Do Things with Words" (1962), Clarendon Press
- Bach, K., "Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts" (1979)
- Biesenbach-Lucas, Sigrun, "Students writing emails to faculty: An examination of e-politeness among native and non-native speakers of English", Language Learning & Technology, 11, pp.59~81 (2007)
- Blum-kulka, S., "Indirectness and Politeness in Requests: Same or Different?", Journal of Pragmatics, 11, pp.131~146 (1987)
- Brown, P., "Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage" (1987), Cambridge University Press
- Clark, H., "Polite Responses to Polite Requests", Cognition, 8, pp.111~143 (1980)
- Clayman, S. E., "Questioning Presidents: Journalistic Deference and Adversarialness in the Press Conferences of U.S. Presidents Eisenhower and Reagan", Journal of Communication, 52(4), pp.749~775 (2002)
- Craven, A., "Directives: Entitlement and Contingency in Action", Discourse Studies, 12(4), pp.419~442 (2010)
- Curl, T., "Contingency and Action: A Comparison of Two Forms of Requesting", Research on Language and Social Interaction, 41(2), pp.129~153 (2008)
- Garcia, F. G, "Modulating Grammar Through Modality: A Discourse Approach", pp.119~133 (2000), ELIAI
- Heinemann, T, "‘Will you or Can’t you?’: Displaying Entitlement in Interrogative Requests", Journal of Pragmatics, 38, pp.1081~1104 (2006)
- Huddleston, R., "A Student’s Introduction to English Grammar" (2005), Cambridge University Press
- Lakoff, R., "The Logic of Politeness; or, Minding Your P’s and Q’s", Papers from the Ninth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, pp.292~305 (1973)
- Lee, S-G., "Entitlement and Two Formats of Indirect Requests" (2011), The 2011 Winter International Conference on Linguistics in Seoul (WICLIS-2011): Linguistic Theories and Their Application
- Leech, G., "Principles of Pragmatics" (1983), Longman
- Pomerantz, A, "Telling My Side: Limited Access as a Fishing Device", Sociological Inquiry, 50, pp.186~198 (1980)
- Sadock, J., "Speech Act Idioms", Papers from the Eighth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, pp.329~339 (1972)
- Searle, J., "Indirect Speech Acts, In Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts", pp.59~82 (1975), Academic Press
- Taleghani-Nikam, C, "Contingent Requests: Their Sequential Organization and Turn Shape", Research on Language and Social Interaction, 38(2), pp.159~177 (2005)