읽기 및 쓰기 중재가 치매환자의 어휘산출 능력에 미치는 영향
Effects of Reading and Writing Intervention on Word Retrieval of People with Dementia
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치매환자의 진행적인 언어감퇴 때문에 치료 현장에서의 중재와 치매시설에서 활용할 수 있는 중재방법을 연결하는 치매 언어중재 프로그램의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 본 연구에서 고안된 읽기 및 쓰기 중재절차를 진행하면서 시간이 경과됨에 따라 그 수행력을 비교하여 중재효과를 알아보고자 한다. 둘째, 읽기 및 쓰기 중재가 치매환자의 어휘산출 능력에 미치는 영향을 알아본다. 본 연구의 대상자는 경도 및 중등도의 치매진단을 받은 환자 7명이었으며, 읽기와 쓰기 중재가 가능한 문해력이 있는 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 본 치매환자들을 대상으로 읽기 및 쓰기를 활용한 5단계로 구성된 중재가 시행되었다. 사전-사후 비교 설계를 위해 중재 전과 후에 의미유창성 검사(동물이름대기)와 K-BNT-15(Short Form of the Korean Version-the Boston Naming Test)가 실시되었다. 연구 결과, 중재절차가 반복됨에 따라 읽기 및 쓰기 중재의 정반응률이 증가하여, 본 중재의 학습효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 의미유창성과 K-BNT-15의 사전-사후 검사 결과 유의미하게 수행력이 증가하였다. 본 연구에서는 경도 및 중등도의 문해력이 있는 치매환자에게 적용 가능한 읽기와 쓰기를 활용한 중재절차를 제시하였고, 그 효용성을 어휘산출 능력의 향상을 통해 입증하였다. 이에 본 절차를 적용하여 임상에서의 중재 자료로 읽기와 쓰기를 활용함과 동시에, 치매환자의 사회참여도 증진 및 자아상을 회복시키는 역할도 기대해 볼 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Due to progressive language decline in people with dementia, there is a growing need for a language intervention program in facilities as well as in clinical settings for people with dementia. The purposes of this study are 1) to investigate the learning effect of reading and writing intervention designed in this study on the performance of reading and writing protocol over time; and 2) to examine the effect of reading and writing intervention on the word retrieval abilities of dementia. The participants were 7 patients who were diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia and could read and write. A five-step intervention protocol was conducted for participants during 6 months. For the pretest-posttest design, a semantic verbal fluency test (animal) and the short form of the Korean version-the Boston Naming Test (K-BNT-15) were conducted. As a result, the average proportion of correct responses by months increased, indicating that this protocol had a learning effect over time. In addition, the performance of the verbal fluency test and K-BNT-15 significantly increased. This study presented an intervention protocol using reading and writing that is applicable to people with mild to moderate dementia,and its efficiency was verified by improved word retrieval ability. Therefore, this protocol can be applied to intervention for people with dementia, who can make use of remained reading and writing abilities, and expected to improve social participation and recovery of self-image of people with dementia.
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