In Search of Conditions Affecting Adolescents’ Happiness in OECD Countries
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The authors examine the determinants of adolescents’ happiness from a comparative perspective, and apply the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method in order to formulate the specific interactions among variables, thus discovering the combinations of conditions associated with adolescent happiness, promoting which is crucial to enhancing personal happiness in every country; in conclusion, the author puts forward policy suggestions whereby all country might raise the level of their adolescents’ happiness. The Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) Survey score for adolescents from eight OECD countries was selected as an indicator for happiness, and five independent variables, including per capita GDP and ratio of students to teaching staff, were included in the analysis. The research results show that there are three significant combinations of variables affecting adolescents’ happiness (HBSC score). Model 1 is a configuration of five variables (low PISA score, high expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, low private expenditure on education as a percentage of total education expenditure, low ratio of students to teaching staff, and high time children spend with their parents), and includes Austria. Model 2 is a configuration of a different set of five variables (high PISA score, high expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, low private expenditure on education as a percentage of total education expenditure, low ratio of students to teaching staff, and low time children spend with their parents, and includes Finland. Model 3 is a configuration of a third set of five variables (low PISA score, low expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, high private expenditure on education as a percentage of total education expenditure, high ratio of students to teaching staff, and high time children spend with their parents, and includes Spain. Finally, the study suggests that each country should endeavour to enhance its own adolescents’ happiness, considering how the factors associated with this relate to each other.
Abstract
The authors examine the determinants of adolescents’ happiness from a comparative perspective, and apply the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method in order to formulate the specific interactions among variables, thus discovering the combinations of conditions associated with adolescent happiness, promoting which is crucial to enhancing personal happiness in every country; in conclusion, the author puts forward policy suggestions whereby all country might raise the level of their adolescents’ happiness. The Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) Survey score for adolescents from eight OECD countries was selected as an indicator for happiness, and five independent variables, including per capita GDP and ratio of students to teaching staff, were included in the analysis. The research results show that there are three significant combinations of variables affecting adolescents’ happiness (HBSC score). Model 1 is a configuration of five variables (low PISA score, high expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, low private expenditure on education as a percentage of total education expenditure, low ratio of students to teaching staff, and high time children spend with their parents), and includes Austria. Model 2 is a configuration of a different set of five variables (high PISA score, high expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, low private expenditure on education as a percentage of total education expenditure, low ratio of students to teaching staff, and low time children spend with their parents, and includes Finland. Model 3 is a configuration of a third set of five variables (low PISA score, low expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, high private expenditure on education as a percentage of total education expenditure, high ratio of students to teaching staff, and high time children spend with their parents, and includes Spain. Finally, the study suggests that each country should endeavour to enhance its own adolescents’ happiness, considering how the factors associated with this relate to each other.
참고문헌 (14)
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