신체활동 프로그램이 치매노인의 인지, 신체적 수행능력, 보행, 삶의 질 및 우울에 미치는 효과
The Effect of Physical Activity Program on Cognitive Function, Physical Performance, Gait, Quality of Life and Depression in the Elderly with Dementia
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초록
한국사회는 인구 고령화가 빠른 속도로 진행되어 2010년 현재 65세 이상 인구 비율이 11%이었고, 2018년에는 14.3%로 고령사회에 진입할 예정이며, 고령인구가 증가하면서 각종 노인성 만성질환 및 치매질환의 유병률 또한 빠르게 증가한다. 특히 치매는 인지기능의 손실로 정상적인 생활이 어려우며 질환의 점진적인 악화로 불안정한 자세 유발, 감각기관의 기능저하로 낙상과 골절의 위험이 높고, 기능적 쇠퇴로 운동기능이 저하되어 일상생활동작 수행이 어려워진다. 이에 본 연구는 오타고운동 중심의 신체활동 프로그램이 치매노인의 인지, 신체적 수행능력, 보행, 삶의 질, 우울에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행하였다. 연구의 대상자는 경기도 요양원과 노인보건센터에 거주하고 있는 65~89세의 치매노인 18명으로 실험군 11명과 대조군 7명으로 나누었다. 실험군은 노인의 낙상예방을 위한 근력과 균형재훈련이 포함된 오타고 운동을 치매노인에게 맞게 수정한 신체활동 프로그램과 그룹 인지활동을 30분씩 주 3회 8주간 실시하였고, 대조군은 30분씩 주 3회 8주간 그룹 인지활동만 참여하였다. 훈련의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 대상자에게 인지검사, 신체적 수행능력검사(정적기립균형 및 허약감), 보행능력 검사, 삶의 질 검사, 우울 검사를 실시하였다. 훈련 후 실험군의 GDS 인지점수가 유의하게 감소하여(p<.05) 인지능력이 향상되었으며, 정적기립균형능력, 허약감, 삶의 질 향상, 우울 유의하게감소하였다(p<.05). 본 연구를 통하여 신체활동 프로그램이 인지, 정적기립균형, 허약감, 삶의 질을 향상 및 우울 감소에 효과가 있었으며, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 신체활동 프로그램을 치매노인 인지장애 및 낙상 예방을 위한 기초 자료로 제공하고자 한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity program on cognition function, physical performance, gait, quality of life and depression in the elderly with dementia. 50 elderly with dementia were volunteered to participate in the study as subjects and 30 of them was screened by the pretest. 20 participants were assigned into one of two groups, intervention group (physical activity program, group cognition activity n=12) and control group(only group cognition activity n=8). The 30 minutes sessions of the systematic and supervised program of physical activity were performed, three times a week on consecutive days during 8 weeks, modified otago exercise program for lower extremities strengthening and balance retraining. Control group(only group cognition activity) not physical training program. After intervention, intervention group was significantly increased cognition function, static balance, frailty, quality of life(p<.05). In conclusion, the physical activity program training improves cognition function, physical performance, gait, quality of life and depression in the elderly with dementia. These results suggest that elderly with dementia will be prevented from risk of a fall through physical activity program. Eventually we may expect them to get old with full of vitality.
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