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동물매개치료(AAT: Animal-Assisted Therapy)에 대한 이해와 상담 적용적 함의

Introduction of AAT(Animal-Assisted Therapy) and Implication of Applying AAT in Counseling

강영걸|신정인
특수교육재활과학연구소 (The Research Institute for Special Education & Rehabilitation Science)|2016.03|특수교육재활과학연구|제55권 제1호|pp. 191-214|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15870/jsers.2016.03.55.1.191

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키워드

동물매개치료인간-동물 유대동물매개상담human-animal bondanimal-assisted therapyanimal-assisted therapy in counseling
주제분류기타사회과학

초록

본 연구는 의료보건과 재활영역으로 유입되고 있는 새롭고 다양한 관점과 방법론 중 동물매개치료(animal-assisted therapy; AAT)에 관한 이해를 돕고, 인간과 동물의 유대와 그로 인한 치료효과의 상담실천적 함의를 살펴보았다. 델타협회와 유럽동물매개치료협회가 제시하는 AAT 정의의 공통적 요소를 통해, AAT에 관한 보다 구체적인 이해를 시도했으며, AAT의 범주적 위계의 모형을 구성해보았다. 동물을 치료적으로 활용했던 18세기 이래로 AAT의 적용 영역은 지속적으로 확장되었는데, 노인의 치유와 재활, 정신적ㆍ신체적 장애를 입은 환자들과 어린이의 건강과 발달, 가족관계와 사회사업의 영역, 간호, 심리학의 영역으로 활동 영역을 넓혀갔다. AAT는 상담 현장으로까지 확장되고 있으며(AAT-C), AAT-C의 작동 원리와 효과성을 다양한 심리치료 이론의 관점에서 명료화하려는 연구조사가 행해지고 있다. 본 연구는 특히 치료적 동맹의 제고, 치료 상황에 대한 안전감과 수용성 증진, 과도기적 공간의 제공, 안전기지의 제공, 공감능력, 진솔성과 무조건적인 긍정적 관심의 공급, 자기-대상의 기능 제공이라는 측면에서, AAT에 상담 적용적인 효과와 함의가 있음을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 AAT 활성화를 위하여, 다학제간 협업과 국제적 교류, 매개동물에 관한 윤리규정 준수를 제언하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce AAT and explore the implication of applying AAT as a technique in counseling areas. The recent influx of various approaches into health and medical treatment has attracted health care professionals to the complementary and alternative therapies. AAT is a kind of ecological therapy comprised of the core elements of relationships with animals. According to European Society of Animal-Assisted Therapy, AAT must be academically documented and testified with the specific goals and aims specialized for the condition of the patients, being conducted by the professionals AAT techniques are expanding into counseling. The animals in AAT-C(animal -assisted therapy in counseling) are reported to facilitate the therapeutic alliance, the basic element determining prognosis, which produces feelings of safe and transitional space in counseling setting as well as functions as the secure base and self-object. Lastly, to make sure the best use of AAT, the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration, international exchange and ethical compliances is suggested.

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