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기능적 근적외선 분광기법을 이용한 정상 성인의 인지 과제에 따른 이마앞엽의 활성도

Prefrontal Cortex Activation During Cognitive Task in Normal Subjects by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

이선민|이혜림|서지영
특수교육재활과학연구소 (The Research Institute for Special Education & Rehabilitation Science)|2023.06|특수교육재활과학연구|제62권 제2호|pp. 267-282|DOI 10.23944/Jsers.2023.06.62.2.10

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키워드

실행기능인지기능장애Cognitive dysfunctionExecutive functionNear-infrared spectroscopyDorsolateral prefrontal cortex등가쪽이마앞겉질기능적 근적외선 분광기법
주제분류기타사회과학

초록

본 연구는 정상 성인을 대상으로 지필 검사와 결합하여 뇌 활성도 검사를 인지 장애 조기 선별검사 도구로 활용하기 위한 예비연구로, 기능적 근적외선 분광기법((fNIRS)을 사용하여 이마앞엽의 활성도를 측정하고 안정 상태와 비교하여 각 인지 과제를 수행하는 동안의 뇌 활성도 변화를 확인하였다. 또한, 인지 과제별 뇌 활성도 변화량을 비교하여 인지 과제 간 활성도 차이를 확인하였다. 21명의 정상 성인을 대상으로 안정 상태와 인지 과제를 수행 하는 동안 발생하는 이마앞엽 활성도를 비교한 결과, 글자 유창성 검사, 범주 유창성 검사, 스트룹 검사, 숫자 바로 따라 외우기에서 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<.001), 기호 잇기 검사(B)와 숫자 거꾸로 따라 외우기는 유의한 차이가 없었으며(p>.05), 인지 과제 간 이마앞엽의 활성도는 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.001). 따라서 평가를 선택할 때는 평가의 목적과 대상자 특성에 대해 넓은 관점에서 고려되어야 하며, 적합한 지필 검사의 선정과 이마엽 활성도 측정이 결합되면 인지 저하의 선별 능력을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract

This preliminary study utilize a combination of a paper test and a brain activity test, which acts as an early screening test tool for cognitive impairment for normal adults. In addition a Functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) is applied to measure the activity of the prefrontal cortex and confirm the changes in brain activity during each cognitive task. The amount of change in activity during each cognitive task was compared in order to confirm the differences in activity between cognitive tasks. Comparing the prefrontal cortex activity at both a baseline and during cognitive tasks in 21 subjects showed that the letter fluency test, category fluency test, stroop test, and forward digit span test were significant(p<.001), there were no significant differences between the trail making test-B and backward digit span test (p>.05). There was also a significant difference in prefrontal cortex activity between cognitive tasks (p<.001). Therefore, the selection of evaluations should be considered from a broad perspective on the purpose of the evaluation and characteristics of the subject. Moreover, it is suggested that the selection of suitable cognitive tests and measurement of brain activity can increase the screening ability of cognitive decline.

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