A Comparison of Five Types of Trail Making Test in Korean Elderly
1
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background and Purpose Previously developed Korean versions of the Trail Making Test (TMT) that replaced the English in part B, has been unsuccessful in Korea. The current study identifies the type of TMT tasks from the among multiple TMT versions, which practically and accurately detects the stage of cognitive decline. Methods We applied five TMT versions, which include the original TMT, TMT-Korean letter (TMT-KL), TMT-Korean consonant (TMTKC), TMT-black and white (TMT-B&W), and TMT-square and circle (TMT-S&C). A total of 168 participants were enrolled: 42 cognitively normal controls (NC), 72 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 54 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Two sets of TMT (set “A” including TMT, TMT-KL and TMT-B&W, and set “B” including TMT, TMT-KC, and TMT-S&C) were randomly administered to subjects within the contact of a fixed neuropsychological battery. Results The completion times of TMT-B and TMT-B&W successfully distinguished NC from MCI and AD. TMT-B&W also showed a high correlation with other neuropsychological tests, and correlated well with the original TMT. The other TMT were frequently not successfully completed, nor could they differentiate the clinical groups. Conclusions Among the five TMT tasks, the original TMT and the TMT-B&W appeared to be most sensitive to the degree of cognitive impairment. TMT-B&W showed a pattern consistent with the original TMT; thus, this measure may be optimal in Korean older adults, where familiarity with the English alphabet is questionable.
Abstract
Background and Purpose Previously developed Korean versions of the Trail Making Test (TMT) that replaced the English in part B, has been unsuccessful in Korea. The current study identifies the type of TMT tasks from the among multiple TMT versions, which practically and accurately detects the stage of cognitive decline. Methods We applied five TMT versions, which include the original TMT, TMT-Korean letter (TMT-KL), TMT-Korean consonant (TMTKC), TMT-black and white (TMT-B&W), and TMT-square and circle (TMT-S&C). A total of 168 participants were enrolled: 42 cognitively normal controls (NC), 72 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 54 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Two sets of TMT (set “A” including TMT, TMT-KL and TMT-B&W, and set “B” including TMT, TMT-KC, and TMT-S&C) were randomly administered to subjects within the contact of a fixed neuropsychological battery. Results The completion times of TMT-B and TMT-B&W successfully distinguished NC from MCI and AD. TMT-B&W also showed a high correlation with other neuropsychological tests, and correlated well with the original TMT. The other TMT were frequently not successfully completed, nor could they differentiate the clinical groups. Conclusions Among the five TMT tasks, the original TMT and the TMT-B&W appeared to be most sensitive to the degree of cognitive impairment. TMT-B&W showed a pattern consistent with the original TMT; thus, this measure may be optimal in Korean older adults, where familiarity with the English alphabet is questionable.
참고문헌 (26)
- Lezak MD, "Neuropsychological Assessment", pp.317~374 (2004), Oxford University Press
- Spreen O, "A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests:Administration, Norms, and Commentary" (1998), Oxford University Press
- Kraybill ML, "Cognitive differences in dementia patients with autopsy-verified AD, Lewy body pathology, or both", Neurology, 64, pp.2069~2073 (2005)
- Walker AJ, "The differentiation of mild frontotemporal dementia from Alzheimer’s disease and healthy aging by neuropsychological tests", Int Psychogeriatr, 17, pp.57~68 (2005)
- Crowe SF, "The differential contribution of mental tracking, cognitive flexibility, visual search, and motor speed to performance on parts A and B of the Trail Making Test", J Clin Psychol, 54, pp.585~591 (1998)
- Anderson CV, "Frontal lobe lesions, diffuse damage, and neuropsychological functioning in traumatic brain-injured patients", J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 17, pp.900~908 (1995)
- Stuss DT, "The Trail Making Test : a study in focal lesion patients", Psychol Assess, 13, pp.230~239 (2001)
- Seo EH, "A normative study of the Trail Making Test in Korean elders", Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 21, pp.844~852 (2006)
- 이한승, "한국판 노인형 기호잇기검사의 개발과 타당화 연구", Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders(대한치매학회지), 6(2), pp.54~67 (2007), 대한치매학회
- 박재설, "한국판 노인용 기호잇기검사의 유용성: 전두엽 기능 장애의 탐지", Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders(대한치매학회지), 6(1), pp.12~17 (2007), 대한치매학회
- Kang YW, "A validity study on the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination(K-MMSE)in dementia patients", J Korean Neurol Assoc, 15, pp.300~308 (1997)
- 강수진, "한국판 Instrumental Activities of Dalily Living의 타당도와 신뢰도", 대한신경과학회지, 20(1), pp.8~14 (2002), 대한신경과학회
- Christensen KJ, "A cognitive battery for dementia : development and measurement characteristics", J Consult Clin Psychol, 3, pp.168~174 (1991)
- 진주희, "노인의 주관적 기억 장애의 특징 및 하위 유형", Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders(대한치매학회지), 9(4), pp.115~121 (2010), 대한치매학회
- Marshall GA, "Neuropathologic correlates of activities of daily living in Alzheimer disease", Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 20, pp.56~59 (2006)
- Petersen RC, "Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity", J Intern Med, 256, pp.183~194 (2004)
- McKhann G, "Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease : report of the NINCDSADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease", Neurology, 34, pp.939~944 (1984)
- O’Bryant SE, "Staging dementia using Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes scores : a Texas Alzheimer’s research consortium study", Arch Neurol, 65, pp.1091~1095 (2008)
- O’Bryant SE, "Validation of the new interpretive guidelines for the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes score in the national Alzheimer’s coordinating center database", Arch Neurol, 67, pp.746~749 (2010)
- Ashendorf L, "Trail Making Test errors in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia", Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 23, pp.129~137 (2008)
- Reitan RM, "The relation of the Trail Making Test to organic brain damage", J Consult Psychol, 19, pp.393~394 (1955)
- Fossum B, "Spatial and symbolic factors in performance on the Trail Making Test", Neuropsychology, 6, pp.71~75 (1992)
- Rossini ED, "The Trail Making Test A and B : a technical note on structural nonequivalence", Percept Mot Skills, 78, pp.625~626 (1994)
- Arnett JA, "Effect of physical layout in performance of the Trail Making Test", Psychol Assess, 7, pp.220~221 (1995)
- Gaudino EA, "Construct validity in the Trail Making Test : what makes Part B harder?", J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 17, pp.529~535 (1995)
- Ivnik RJ, "Neuropsychological Tests’ norms above age 55 : COWAT, BNT, MAE token, WRAT-R reading, AMNART, STROOP, TMT, and JLO", Clin Neuropsychol, 10, pp.262~278 (1996)