미국 이민연구와 적극적 사회주체로서의 이주자들
Immigrants as an Active Human Agent in American Immigration Studies
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As well known, America is 'a nation of immigration.' America, indeed, has had a long history of different mass migrations and has struggled to develop a flexible social framework and policy to accommodate diverse immigrants. Since America has accepted new immigrants from not only European countries that already dominate population came from but also the underdeveloped countries, particularly Asia, Latin America after the liberalization of Immigration in 1965, the study of immigration has provided alternative theories to explain a new tale of immigrant history. Moving beyond the traditional debates on restrictions toward immigrants based on nativism, recent studies have clearly paid more attention to the process of immigrant adaptation to a new society. And contemporary researches on immigrants' incorporation to life in America have emphasized the role of ethnic communities to support a collective strategy of self-defense rather than relied on individual assimilation. Ethnic communities does not mean ethnic enclave only, which is generally an economic concept, but also co‐ethnic networks, in which each ethnicity could coexist in the socio‐cultural and political arena as well. Immigrants, however, have been regarded as just recipients of government policies and economic needs, and the people who have little done to change American social control. Attaching a “minority” label to immigrants, previous studies of immigration have mainly revealed immigrants' discriminatory situations in the host society. Yet, historically immigrants never simply been a passive agent in American society since the beginning of the nation. In order to minimize the prejudice towards immigrants, which has been a critical barrier on their incorporations into a new society, immigration studies should try to discover immigrants as active participants in the host society. Therefore, this study focuses on analysing active roles of ethnic communities to the American society. By doing so, it will show how American society have affected immigrants themselves and how immigrants have responded actively.
Abstract
As well known, America is 'a nation of immigration.' America, indeed, has had a long history of different mass migrations and has struggled to develop a flexible social framework and policy to accommodate diverse immigrants. Since America has accepted new immigrants from not only European countries that already dominate population came from but also the underdeveloped countries, particularly Asia, Latin America after the liberalization of Immigration in 1965, the study of immigration has provided alternative theories to explain a new tale of immigrant history. Moving beyond the traditional debates on restrictions toward immigrants based on nativism, recent studies have clearly paid more attention to the process of immigrant adaptation to a new society. And contemporary researches on immigrants' incorporation to life in America have emphasized the role of ethnic communities to support a collective strategy of self-defense rather than relied on individual assimilation. Ethnic communities does not mean ethnic enclave only, which is generally an economic concept, but also co‐ethnic networks, in which each ethnicity could coexist in the socio‐cultural and political arena as well. Immigrants, however, have been regarded as just recipients of government policies and economic needs, and the people who have little done to change American social control. Attaching a “minority” label to immigrants, previous studies of immigration have mainly revealed immigrants' discriminatory situations in the host society. Yet, historically immigrants never simply been a passive agent in American society since the beginning of the nation. In order to minimize the prejudice towards immigrants, which has been a critical barrier on their incorporations into a new society, immigration studies should try to discover immigrants as active participants in the host society. Therefore, this study focuses on analysing active roles of ethnic communities to the American society. By doing so, it will show how American society have affected immigrants themselves and how immigrants have responded actively.
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