중국 장정(長征)과 홍군여성의 역할
Gender Role of Female Red Army Soldiers in the Chinese Long March
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the ideology of gender roles of the Chinese Communist Party by specifying the revolutionary activity of female of Red Army and women's issues in the Chinese Long March from the gender perspective. Little more than 3,000 females of Red Army participated in the Long March. Women were not organized in battle but, they were in charge of conduct agitation and propaganda, carry the wounded soldier on stretchers, convey materials and ensure supply, and carry out reconnaissance activities. However, in the Fourth Army where the number of females was the greatest, an operation unit called a female independent group was organized. The biggest problem in the march process for survival was to relieve wounded soldiers and to supply deficient food rather than direct combat. It was also necessary for the Red Army soldiers to constantly imprint the ideology of the Communist Party. The women in Red Army were responsible for all these things as promoters, nurses, and supplies. Moreover, it was added to the combat participation in the situation of war. Under the dual difficulties of physiology as a woman, like menstrual cycle, a period of pregnancy, give birth a baby and revolutionary practice, The Red Army women who participated in the Long March still played the same role of traditional women. Practically, women were mobilized to assist male soldiers. This is because strongly influenced that if it is a man’s job to participate in direct combat and transport the supply, propaganda and nursing is the work of women. This show ideology of the traditional gender roles is inherent in the Red Army even, called a revolutionary army. Even under these circumstances, Female of Red Army attempted to enlighten themselves through the revolutionary activities and escape from feudal oppression. However, the feudal relationship was still maintained within the Red Army, and the feudal recognition and behaviour of the male of Red Army were expressed in many places. In addition, the contribution of women who had to assume the various roles in the process of The march was disrespected. Unless changing social structure of the gender division of labor, the problem of gender inequality of women is still in progress.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the ideology of gender roles of the Chinese Communist Party by specifying the revolutionary activity of female of Red Army and women's issues in the Chinese Long March from the gender perspective. Little more than 3,000 females of Red Army participated in the Long March. Women were not organized in battle but, they were in charge of conduct agitation and propaganda, carry the wounded soldier on stretchers, convey materials and ensure supply, and carry out reconnaissance activities. However, in the Fourth Army where the number of females was the greatest, an operation unit called a female independent group was organized. The biggest problem in the march process for survival was to relieve wounded soldiers and to supply deficient food rather than direct combat. It was also necessary for the Red Army soldiers to constantly imprint the ideology of the Communist Party. The women in Red Army were responsible for all these things as promoters, nurses, and supplies. Moreover, it was added to the combat participation in the situation of war. Under the dual difficulties of physiology as a woman, like menstrual cycle, a period of pregnancy, give birth a baby and revolutionary practice, The Red Army women who participated in the Long March still played the same role of traditional women. Practically, women were mobilized to assist male soldiers. This is because strongly influenced that if it is a man’s job to participate in direct combat and transport the supply, propaganda and nursing is the work of women. This show ideology of the traditional gender roles is inherent in the Red Army even, called a revolutionary army. Even under these circumstances, Female of Red Army attempted to enlighten themselves through the revolutionary activities and escape from feudal oppression. However, the feudal relationship was still maintained within the Red Army, and the feudal recognition and behaviour of the male of Red Army were expressed in many places. In addition, the contribution of women who had to assume the various roles in the process of The march was disrespected. Unless changing social structure of the gender division of labor, the problem of gender inequality of women is still in progress.
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