한국전쟁 시기 중국의 애국공약운동과 여성의 국민 되기

Abstract

During the period of the Korean War (1950-53), China launched a large-scale operation aimed at helping North Korea in the face of American encroachment, which was the so-called ‘Opposing America; Helping North Korea; Protecting China’ Movement. Interestingly, the movement that initially originated from China’s moral obligation for internationalism became successful through the stirring up of Chinese patriotism. Consequently, the movement was a major contributing factor in the success of the project of nationalization immediately after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. If we understand women’s liberation movement in the modern era as aiming at making women as citizens equal to men, Chinese women’s liberation movement succeeded, to some degree, through the ‘Opposing America and Helping North Korea’ Movement, and its sense of patriotism contributed greatly to its success. Focusing on XinZhongguo funü(New Chinese Women), my study examines, first, women’s patriotic movement during the period of the ‘Opposing America and Helping North Korea’ Movement and, secondly, the progress of the Patriotism Pledge Movement as a concrete process leading to the recognition of women as citizens. By shedding light on the ways in which Chinese women, in order to secure their profits, identified themselves with the nation, negotiated with it, and made full use of what it could provide, I point out the need to rethink the existing criticism of Chinese women’s liberation movement for not being run on women’s own initiative.