세계박람회가 독일 산업화 과정에 미친 영향 ― 실업ㆍ기술교육을 중심으로 ―
The Influence of 19th Century World Expositions in German Industrialization and Technical Education
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Industrialization in Germany in the 19^(th) century took place in a shorter period compared with that in England and France, which entered the industrial age decades earlier. In the 1870’s, the total gross domestic product of Germany surpassed that of France, and even exceeded it by 1910, at the end of the industrial era. Germany’s production also surpassed that of England, which was known then as the “the world factory.”During the industrial age, world expositions were held, and nation-states like England, France, and Austria presented their own industrialized products and artworks in these events. They all sought to establish their prominence among other neighboring countries. Germany visited these world exhibitions and expressed the greatest interest. This paper analyzes why the German state has shown keen interest in world expositions and what German nationals think of these exhibits. The German government’s interest towards world expositions has characterized its national identity, and it affected national economy and the political activities of the state ruler. The people’s interest, on the other hand, showcased their patriotism as various companies participated in these expositions and helped in boosting the economy. Moreover, this paper examines how these world expositions influenced the process of industrialization in Germany, especially in the aspect of technical education. Germany is interested in technical education because the country sets high regard for industrialization and the education of engineers. To develop more effective methods of education, the curriculum in every middle and elementary technical-vocational school was changed. Especially for this purpose, the technical arts museum (Kunstgewerbemuseum) was established. Arts education was in fact one of the most important subjects in their curriculum. Arts (Kunst) and technical arts were regarded as the most significant aspects of the state’s industrialization. During the industrial era, the quality of German products was exemplary. So, with the development of these world exhibitions, small commercial exhibitions in Germany were arranged and developed. As a matter of fact, every technical-vocational school had its own exhibition to showcase the works of their graduating students. Indeed, industrialization and technical education in Germany were both largely affected by the world exhibitions. German nationals continue to develop their education to improve their qualification in these global events.
Abstract
Industrialization in Germany in the 19^(th) century took place in a shorter period compared with that in England and France, which entered the industrial age decades earlier. In the 1870’s, the total gross domestic product of Germany surpassed that of France, and even exceeded it by 1910, at the end of the industrial era. Germany’s production also surpassed that of England, which was known then as the “the world factory.”During the industrial age, world expositions were held, and nation-states like England, France, and Austria presented their own industrialized products and artworks in these events. They all sought to establish their prominence among other neighboring countries. Germany visited these world exhibitions and expressed the greatest interest. This paper analyzes why the German state has shown keen interest in world expositions and what German nationals think of these exhibits. The German government’s interest towards world expositions has characterized its national identity, and it affected national economy and the political activities of the state ruler. The people’s interest, on the other hand, showcased their patriotism as various companies participated in these expositions and helped in boosting the economy. Moreover, this paper examines how these world expositions influenced the process of industrialization in Germany, especially in the aspect of technical education. Germany is interested in technical education because the country sets high regard for industrialization and the education of engineers. To develop more effective methods of education, the curriculum in every middle and elementary technical-vocational school was changed. Especially for this purpose, the technical arts museum (Kunstgewerbemuseum) was established. Arts education was in fact one of the most important subjects in their curriculum. Arts (Kunst) and technical arts were regarded as the most significant aspects of the state’s industrialization. During the industrial era, the quality of German products was exemplary. So, with the development of these world exhibitions, small commercial exhibitions in Germany were arranged and developed. As a matter of fact, every technical-vocational school had its own exhibition to showcase the works of their graduating students. Indeed, industrialization and technical education in Germany were both largely affected by the world exhibitions. German nationals continue to develop their education to improve their qualification in these global events.
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