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내분비교란물질이 사람의 건강에 미치는 영향

Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Human Health

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초록

내분비교란물질(Endocrine-disrupting chemical, EDC)은 정상적인 내분비 생리작용을 방해하는 외인성 화학물질로서 인체 내에 자연적으로 존재하는 호르몬의 합성, 대사, 세포작용을 방해한다. 현대인은 주위 생활 환경에서 쉽게 접하는 식물 유래 물질, 산업용 화학 물질, 가정용품 및 개인 위생용품, 의료용품 및 의약품 등으로부터 지속적으로 EDC에 노출되고 있다. 대표적인 EDC로는 비스페놀 A, 디클로로디페닐트리클로로에탄, 디에틸스틸베스트롤, 다이옥신, 제니스테인, 과불화화합물, 프탈레이트, 폴리염화비페닐 등이 있으며, 본 연구에서는 이들 EDC가 사람의 건강에 미치는 영향에 대해 지금까지 발표된 다양한 연구결과들을 종합하였다. 그 결과로 EDC가 사람의 생식기관에 미치는 영향을 생식기 발달 이상, 생식능 저하를 중심으로 정리하였고, EDC가 암 발생에 미치는 영향을 고환암, 유방암, 전립선암에 주목하여 살펴보았다. 또한 EDC가 생식기관 외 다른 인체기관에 일으키는 문제로서 비만 및 당뇨병, 심혈관 및 호흡기 질환, 신경학적 질환, 갑상선 질환 등에 대해서도 살펴보았다.

Abstract

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that interfere with normal endocrine physiology by disrupting the synthesis, metabolism, and cellular function of natural hormones. Humans are constantly exposed to EDCs from various sources, such as plant-derived sub[1]stances, industrial chemicals, household and personal hygiene products, medical products, and pharmaceuticals which they regularly encounter in their surrounding environments. Common EDCs include bisphenol A, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), diethylstilbestrol, dioxins, genistein, perfluoroalkyl compounds, phthalates, and polychlorinated biphenyls. In this review, we analyzed the effects of EDCs on human reproductive organs, focusing on reproductive abnormalities and fertility decline. Additionally, we summarized the oncogenic effects of EDCs, focusing on testicular, breast, and prostate cancers. We also investigated the impact of EDCs on different organs, including conditions such as obesity and diabetes, in addition to cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, and thyroid diseases.

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