고려 공민왕대 외관제 운영 변화와 그 배경— 선생안 자료의 분석을 중심으로 —

Abstract

In 1356 King Gongmin abolished the practice of appointing local officials with concurrent capital posts and instead had their status indicated by the munsan-gye. Interpretations of this measure fall into two broad camps: one holds that, through the late Goryeo emphasis on the munsan-gye, rank came to be shown primarily by that system; the other argues that the change led to the full-timeization of local officials and ultimately to the separation of central offices and local offices in the Joseon period. King Gongmin’s 1356 measure should be understood as a reform of the local government system. A survey of seonsaeng-an sources and standard histories such as the Goryeosa shows that the appointment criteria for posts such as buyun, moksa, daedohobusa, jibusa, jijusa, and jigungsa were raised relative to the Chungseon period, and that these offices were accordingly assigned munsan-gye ranks. The reform of the local government system under King Gongmin is rooted in an already-existing tendency, from the Chungseon reign onward, to align munsan-gye with official posts. Moreover, Chungseon’s decision not to abolish concurrent capital appointments appears to have been motivated by a desire to dispatch central ministers to key local posts in order to exert influence on local society; subsequently, with the proliferation of officials and the cheomseol-jik, the munsan-gye came to function as the comprehensive marker of officials’ status.