Many Ways to Fall: Semantic Extension and Grammaticalization of Ppacita “Fall
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This paper describes the semantic development of the Korean directional motion verb ppacita ‘fall' from a grammaticalization perspective. The lexical verb ppacita which means ‘fall', ‘sink', ‘drown', etc. shows diverse semantic extension patterns, and this paper focuses on how particular meanings and semantic changes of this verb evolved, based on the semantic designations provided in Wulimal Khunsacen(1991). For the illustration of semantic changes, the following cognitive mechanisms are invoked here: metaphor, metonymy, subjectification, and generalization. Among the four mechanisms, metaphor is by far the most significant driving force to cause semantic extensions of ppacita. Metaphorical transfer extends formerly concrete meanings that made reference to physical movement onto more abstract meanings such as mental movement. Metonymy as a contiguous phenomenon in semantic changes is also regarded as a major force in the semantic change of ppacita. Subjectification brings forth meaning changes, in which meanings formerly associated with description of the external world into those associated with personal viewpoint. Through generalization which is a process as an increase in the polysemy of a form(Hopper & Traugott 2003[1993]), a semantic distribution occurs in larger contexts. In this regard, this paper shows that the semantic change of ppacita is a complex process in which multifarious factors and mechanisms interplay. This paper also addresses the grammaticalized process of the lexical directional motion verb into the auxiliary verb marking ‘deterioration.'
Abstract
This paper describes the semantic development of the Korean directional motion verb ppacita ‘fall' from a grammaticalization perspective. The lexical verb ppacita which means ‘fall', ‘sink', ‘drown', etc. shows diverse semantic extension patterns, and this paper focuses on how particular meanings and semantic changes of this verb evolved, based on the semantic designations provided in Wulimal Khunsacen(1991). For the illustration of semantic changes, the following cognitive mechanisms are invoked here: metaphor, metonymy, subjectification, and generalization. Among the four mechanisms, metaphor is by far the most significant driving force to cause semantic extensions of ppacita. Metaphorical transfer extends formerly concrete meanings that made reference to physical movement onto more abstract meanings such as mental movement. Metonymy as a contiguous phenomenon in semantic changes is also regarded as a major force in the semantic change of ppacita. Subjectification brings forth meaning changes, in which meanings formerly associated with description of the external world into those associated with personal viewpoint. Through generalization which is a process as an increase in the polysemy of a form(Hopper & Traugott 2003[1993]), a semantic distribution occurs in larger contexts. In this regard, this paper shows that the semantic change of ppacita is a complex process in which multifarious factors and mechanisms interplay. This paper also addresses the grammaticalized process of the lexical directional motion verb into the auxiliary verb marking ‘deterioration.'
참고문헌 (19)
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