영어 음운불투명성과 탈락 모음 복원: ‘s(V)C’연속에서 기식의 발화와 인지를 중심으로
Phonological Opacity and Restoring a Deleted Vowel in English: Focusing on Production and Perception of Aspirated Stops in ‘s(V)C' Sequences
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
An unstressed vowel in English commonly tends to be weakened and deleted. When an unstressed vowel between [s] and a voiceless stop as in ‘s(V)CV’ is deleted, phonological opacity might arise since a voiceless stop would be aspirated before a stressed vowel, and English prohibits such a sequence of [s] and an aspirated stop. The goals of this study are to investigate whether such phonological opacity virtually arises in English and to see how English native speakers deal with the opacity and perceive the words correctly. Results showed that schwa deletion resulted in phonological opacity with respect to aspiration. English speakers, however, had little problem restoring the deleted vowel and could resolve the opacity by means of VOT that played a very crucial role as an acoustic cue in the processes.
Abstract
An unstressed vowel in English commonly tends to be weakened and deleted. When an unstressed vowel between [s] and a voiceless stop as in ‘s(V)CV’ is deleted, phonological opacity might arise since a voiceless stop would be aspirated before a stressed vowel, and English prohibits such a sequence of [s] and an aspirated stop. The goals of this study are to investigate whether such phonological opacity virtually arises in English and to see how English native speakers deal with the opacity and perceive the words correctly. Results showed that schwa deletion resulted in phonological opacity with respect to aspiration. English speakers, however, had little problem restoring the deleted vowel and could resolve the opacity by means of VOT that played a very crucial role as an acoustic cue in the processes.
참고문헌 (34)
- 신승훈, "영어 어두 약음절에서의 모음 탈락 양상: 코퍼스 연구", 언어과학연구, (87), pp.371~392 (2018), 언어과학회[DOI]
- Bald, Wolf-Dietrich, "Studies in the Pronunciation of English", pp.317~322 (1990), Routledge
- Benua, Laura, "UMOP 18: Papers in Optimality Theory", pp.77~136 (1995)
- Dalby, Marler J., "Phonetic Structure of Fast Speech in American English", Ph.D., pp.1984
- Flemming, Edward, "Auditory Representations in Phonology", Ph.D., pp.1995
- Fokes, Joann, "The Elusive", illusive Syllable, 1993, pp.50, 102~123
- Itô, Junko, "The Syllable in Optimality Theory, Caroline Féry and Ruben van de Vijver", pp.271~303 (2003), Cambridge University Press
- Kahn, Daniel, "Syllable-Based Generalizations in English Phonology", Ph.D., pp.1976
- Kenstowicz, Michael, "Base-Identity and Uniform Exponence: Alternatives to Cyclicity", pp.1995
- Kewley-Port, Diane, "Voice Onset Time in English Stops", Language and Speech, 10, pp.1~28 (1967)
- Kewley-Port, Diane, "Early Apical Stop Production: a Voice Onset Time Analysis", Journal of Phonetics, 2, pp.195~210 (1974)
- Ladefoged, Peter, "A Course in Phonetics" (2006), Wadsworth
- Laver, John, "Principles of Phonetics" (1994), Cambridge University Press
- Lisker, Leigh, "A Cross-Language Study of Voicing in Initial Stops: Acoustical Measurements", Word, 20, pp.384~422 (1964)
- Lisker, Leigh, "Some Effects of Context on Voice Onset Time in English Stops", Language and Speech, 10, pp.1~28 (1967)
- Lodge, Ken, "Studies in the Phonology of Colloquial English" (1984), Croon Helm
- Manuel Sharon, "Recovery of ‘Deleted’ Schwa", Proceedings Phonetic Experimental Research at the Institute of Linguistics University of Stockholm, 14, pp.115~118 (1991)
- McCarthy, John, "Sympathy and Phonological Opacity", Phonology, 16, pp.331~399 (1999)
- McCarthy, John, "Gen, Eval, and Phonological Opacity", Lecture Notes for Indiana Phonology Fest 2006. June 19-22, ~ (2006)
- McCarthy, John, "Slouching toward Optimality: Coda Reduction in OT-CC", Phonological Studies (Journal of the Phonological Society of Japan), 7, pp.89~104 (2007)
- McCarthy, John, "Hidden Generalizations: Phonological Opacity in Optimality Theory" (2007), Equinox
- McCarthy, John, "Harmony in Harmonic Serialism", pp.2009
- McCarthy, John, "An Introduction to Harmonic Serialism", pp.2010
- McCarthy, John, "Harmonic Serialism Supplement to Doing Optimality Theory", pp.2010
- Prosodic Morphology: Constraint Interaction and Satisfaction, "McCarthy, John", University of Massachusetts at Amherst, ~, pp.Rutgers Optimality Archive, Report No. 482 (1993)
- McCarthy, John, "UMOP 18: Papers in Optimality Theory", pp.249~384 (1995)
- Nolan, Francis, "Studies in the Pronunciation of English", pp.295~316 (1990), Routledge
- Pitt, Mark A., "Buckeye Corpus of Conversational Speech" (2007), Department of Psychology, Ohio State University
- Prince, Alan, "Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar" (2004), Blackwell
- Selkirk, Elizabeth, "The Structure of Phonological Representations, vol. 2", pp.337~383 (1982), Foris
- Smolensky, Paul, "Harmony, Markedness and Phonological Activity", Paper presented at Rutgers Optimality Workshop, 1 (1993), Rutgers University
- Smolensky, Paul, "On the Internal Structure of the Constraint Component of Con of UG", Paper presented at UCLA Colloquium (1995)
- Smolensky, Paul, "Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar II: Local Conjunction", Paper presented at Hopkins Optimality Theory Workshop, 1997, ~
- Spencer, Andrew, "Phonology: Theory and Description" (1996), Blackwell