서울지역의 PM2.5 중 OC와 EC의 특성 및 계절적 변화에 관한 연구
The Characteristics and Seasonal Variations of OC and EC for PM2.5 in Seoul Metropolitan Area in 2014
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초록
본 연구는 수도권 지역 OC와 EC의 지역적, 계절적 특성을 파악하기 위하여 서울 은평구 불광동에위치한 수도권 대기오염집중측정소에서 2014년 1월부터 12월까지 1년간 Semi-Continuous OC/EC Analyzer (Sunset Laboratory INC., USA)를 사용하여 PM2.5 중 OC와 EC를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 수도권 지역의 OC와 EC의 연평균 농도(μg/m3)는 각각 4.1 ± 2.7, 1.6 ± 1.0으로 나타났다. 계절별로 살펴보면 봄: 4.0 ± 2.2, 1.8 ± 0.8; 여름: 3.6 ± 2.7, 1.4 ± 0.9; 가을: 3.6 ± 2.4, 1.3 ± 0.9; 겨울: 5.2 ± 3.3, 2.0 ± 1.3으로 나타나 겨울 > 봄 > 여름 > 가을 순으로 높은 농도를 나타냈으며, OC/EC 비는 2.4 ~ 3.4 수준으로 여름이 가장 높고 봄이 가장 낮은 수준을 보였다. 시간별 OC, EC 농도 변화를 살펴보면, 출·퇴근시간인 아침과 저녁에 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, OC/EC 비 역시 출·퇴근시간대의 교통량 증가로 인한 EC농도 증가로 인해 급격히 낮아지는 현상을 보여 수도권 지역의 탄소성 입자 농도에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것은 자동차와 같은 교통수단인 것으로 판단된다. 이번 연구를 통해 수도권 지역 탄소성분의 배출특성 및 계절별 특징, 농도 수준을 파악하고, 대기질 개선 정책의 효과적인 수립을 위한 과학적인 기초자료의 제공이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
To investigate characteristics and seasonal variations of carbonaceous species for PM2.5 in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea, we measured organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) from January 2014 to December 2014 using a semi-continuous OC/EC Analyzer (Model-4, Sunset Lab.). Mean concentrations of OC and EC were estimated 4.1 ± 2.7 μg/m3 and 1.6 ± 1.0 μg/m3, respectively. The annual averaged OC/EC ratio was 2.9 ± 2.7. Concentrations of OC and EC comprised 13% and 5% of PM2.5 and the mass fraction of both was the highest in fall. OC and EC showed similar trend in seasonal variations. Concentrations of those showed a clear seasonal variation with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The correlations between the two were the best during the winter (r2 = 0.88). As results of carbonaceous species analysis, the dominant factor in view of fine particle (PM2.5) is primary emission source such as mobile, fossil fuel combustion during commute time(08:00~10:00 or 17:00~21:00) and winter season. Continuous monitoring of atmospheric carbonaceous species is essential to provide the science-based data to policy-maker establishing the air quality improvement policy.
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