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지식 심리적 소유감이 지식 독점의도에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험연구 - 마키아벨리즘 성격의 조절효과 -

An Experimental Study on the Influence of Knowledge Psychological Ownership on Knowledge Withholding Intention - Moderating Effect of Machiavellianism Personality -

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키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

많은 학문적 연구와 실무적인 노력에도 불구하고 조직구성원 간의 지식공유가 기대한 수준만큼 활발하게 이루어지지 않고 있는 이유는 무엇일까? 이 질문에 대한 답은 지식독점과 지식공유가 연속선상에 놓여 있는 동일 개념이 아니며 지식공유가 늘어나는 것이 곧 지식독점이 줄어드는 것을 의미하는 것은 아니라는 새로운 관점을 통해 해결될 수 있다. 지식독점이 늘어나는 요인을 제거하지 않는다면 지식공유를 촉진하는 조직의 방편들이 힘을 발휘할 수 없을 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 지식 독점의도에 초점을 맞추어 지식 독점의도에 지식 심리적 소유감과 마키아벨리즘이 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 지식 심리적 소유감은 조직구성원들이 직무관련 지식에 대해서 갖는 소유의식으로서 심리적 소유감의 한 종류이다. 지식 심리적 소유감이 높은 구성원일수록 지식이나 아이디어에 대해서 자신만의 영역을 만들려고 하며, 지식을 숨기고 공유하지 않으려고 할 것이다. 또한 개인의 실용주의적 성향과 감정 억제력 및 목적 달성을 위해 수단이 정당화 될 수 있다고 믿는 정도인 마키아벨리즘이 높은 사람일수록 지식 심리적 소유감이 지식 독점의도에 미치는 정(+)적인 영향력이 강해질 것이다. 국내 직장인 119명을 대상으로 2 x 2 실험설계를 구상하여 시나리오 방식의 실험연구를 진행한 결과, 지식 심리적 소유감은 지식 독점의도와 정(+)적인 관계를 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 마키아벨리즘은 지식 심리적 소유감과 지식 독점의도 간의 관계를 강화시키는 조절효과를 가지고 있음을 검정하였다. 이상의 연구결과가 갖는 이론적, 실무적 함의에 대해서 토론하였다.

Abstract

Various attempts have been made by the practitioners to promote knowledge sharing among members including cutting-edge knowledge management systems and technologies. However, despite much efforts in both the academia and the field, knowledge sharing among organizational members is not as active as expected. In this study, we argue that the relatively new approach on defining knowledge withholding and knowledge sharing as two separate constructs opens a new way of facilitating knowledge sharing at work. Various knowledge sharing practices can promote organizational members’ knowledge sharing only when employers are able to prevent their members from knowledge withholding. Hence, we focus on knowledge withholding intention and examine knowledge psychological ownership and Machiavellianism as the antecedents of knowledge withholding intention. Knowledge psychological ownership is a kind of psychological ownership that is held by the members of the organization regarding job-related knowledge. Members with higher knowledge psychological ownership tend to create their own areas of knowledge or ideas, and would be unwilling to share knowledge with others. Machiavellianism refers to the degree of individual pragmatic propensity, emotional deterrence, and the degree to which the means can be justified to achieve its purpose and this trait could strengthen the positive relationship between knowledge psychological ownership and knowledge withholding intention. We tested the main effects of psychological ownership of knowledge on knowledge withholding intentions and the moderating effects of Machiavellianism by implementing a scenario-based experiment on 119 workers in South Korea. Study results confirmed the causal relationship between knowledge psychological ownership and knowledge withholding intention as well as the moderating effects of Machiavellianism. We ended our paper by highlighting the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

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