시베리아 유카기르족 샤먼 전승의 구조와 샤먼의 역할에 대한 연구
A Study on Structure of Shaman Traditions and Roles of Shaman in Siberian Yukaghir
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Shaman traditions are narrative or ritual forms, which include motifs related to Shaman. Core structure of these traditions is basically determined by the role of Shaman. Especially, shaman myths of the Yukaghir tribe are divided into 4 types such as ①disease→shaman rite→cure, ②ignorance→shaman divination→foresight, ③failure→shaman mediation→success, ④death→shaman protection→life, and each type is comprised of 3 narrative segments. Shamans play roles of healer, foreteller, mediator, defender in each type of the myths. Procedures of the Shaman rituals related to disease treatments are divided into two types, depending on the causes of disease. First type is ①help-spirit actualization and contact →soul journey of shaman →soul recovery→disease treatment→help-spirit-deactualization, and the other type is ②help-spirit actualization and contact→expelling disease-spirit→disease treatment→help-spirit- deactualization. The Yukaghir’s world-view on the constituents of the universe, spirit and disease is reflected in their shaman traditions. First, their cosmovision was formed on the shamanistic concept because they think the world is comprised of upper, middle, and lower world. This idea is reflected in their shaman traditions. Secondly, human beings have 3 souls according to their view on soul. The complexity of souls is an essential idea of Siberian shamanism. Thirdly, diseases are caused when the soul gets out of body temporarily or disease-spirit invades human body according to their view on disease. So diseases are cured when recovering the soul or expelling the disease-spirit. These ideas represent typical shamanism models.
Abstract
Shaman traditions are narrative or ritual forms, which include motifs related to Shaman. Core structure of these traditions is basically determined by the role of Shaman. Especially, shaman myths of the Yukaghir tribe are divided into 4 types such as ①disease→shaman rite→cure, ②ignorance→shaman divination→foresight, ③failure→shaman mediation→success, ④death→shaman protection→life, and each type is comprised of 3 narrative segments. Shamans play roles of healer, foreteller, mediator, defender in each type of the myths. Procedures of the Shaman rituals related to disease treatments are divided into two types, depending on the causes of disease. First type is ①help-spirit actualization and contact →soul journey of shaman →soul recovery→disease treatment→help-spirit-deactualization, and the other type is ②help-spirit actualization and contact→expelling disease-spirit→disease treatment→help-spirit- deactualization. The Yukaghir’s world-view on the constituents of the universe, spirit and disease is reflected in their shaman traditions. First, their cosmovision was formed on the shamanistic concept because they think the world is comprised of upper, middle, and lower world. This idea is reflected in their shaman traditions. Secondly, human beings have 3 souls according to their view on soul. The complexity of souls is an essential idea of Siberian shamanism. Thirdly, diseases are caused when the soul gets out of body temporarily or disease-spirit invades human body according to their view on disease. So diseases are cured when recovering the soul or expelling the disease-spirit. These ideas represent typical shamanism models.
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