근로자의 이직의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 연구 - 근로자 구성특성 별 비교 -
The Antecedent of Employee Turnover Intention - Employee Group Comparison Analysis -
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본 연구는 조직의 안정적 관리 증진 측면에서 근로자의 이직의도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인들을 분석했다. 이때 주요 요인으로 직무특성, 조직특성 그리고 리더십행동을 분석함으로써 경영관리 측면에서 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. 직무특성으로는 직무모호성과 직무갈등, 조직특성으로는 조직공식성과 조직분배공정성, 리더십행동으로는 직장상사의 배려적 리더십행동과 구조주도적 리더십행동을 포함하였다. 그리고 본 연구에서는 현장 활용도를 높이기 위해 관리의 측면에서 근로자의 구성특성이 이직의도 관리에 어떠한 의미를 가질 수 있을 지를 제안하고자 한다. 근로자의 구성특성으로는 근로자의 국가, 성별, 연령 그리고 직급을 고려하였다. 본 연구에서는 근로자의 구성특성이 근로자의 이직의도 관리에 반영되어야 하는지를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 한국, 태국, 필리핀, 싱가포르, 방글라데시, 미국 근로자를 대상으로 이루어진 설문을 기반으로 한 실증연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구결과, 조직분배공정성과 상사의 배려적 행동은 이직의도를 감소시키는 요인으로 나타났고 직무모호성과 직무갈등 모두 이직의도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났지만 직무모호성의 영향이 더 큰 것으로 보인다. 근로자의 특성 중에서 국가와 연령에 대한 구분은 유의하지 않은 반면 성별과 직급별 차이는 유의한 것으로 타났다. 따라서 조직은 근로자의 이직의도 관리시 국가나 연령에 따른 관리보다는 성별이나 직급에 따른 차별적 관리가 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analysis the antecedents of turnover intention. This study considered job, organization and leadership behavior variables. For job variables, job ambiguity and job conflict were considered. Organizational formalization and organizational distributive justice for the organization variables. And consideration and initiating structure for the leadership behavior variables. To give on-the-job implication, this study include employee component; country, gender, age and rank.. As results show, organizational distribution justice and consideration leader behavior decrease turnover intention. Job ambiguity and conflict increase turnover intention. Among Employee component, country and age were not significant however gender and rank were significant to analysis by component comparison. Therefor in managing turnover intention, gender and rank need to be consider not by country nor age.
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