문화적 쟁점과 미국 정당의 지지기반 변화:1992-2004년 미국 대통령 선거 분석을 중심으로
Growing Importance of Cultural Issues for American Party Support
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Abstract
Jin-Min Jung, Hyun-Jin SeoOne of the most significant trends in American party politics is the growing importance of cultural issues and changes in group support for the two major parties in recent national elections. While no one disputed that the party system of the early 2000s is different from that of 1930s, how the difference can be characterized is controversial. This study proposes to characterize these changes arguing that another realignment has taken place, superseding the New Deal party system. Has there been a significant and enduring change in the pattern of group support for the parties? Our study shows some evidences that the two parties' coalitions are more sharply divided on cultural issues than they were a few decades ago, by analyzing data from the American National Election Studies, 1992-2004. First, the voters' stand on cultural issues has been important for party support. Second, there is a close relationship between the social groups in a party's coalition and the Republican party's stand on cultural issues such as death penalty, abortion and gay rights. The most significant changes involve southern white conservatives and those who attend church more often. They have become increasingly core Republican supporters. Thus, these findings show that these demographic changes in Republican support correspond with changes in party divisions on cultural issues.
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