전지구화 시대 로컬의 탄생과 로컬 시선의 모색
The Birth of Local in the Globalizing Era and a Search for Local Gazes
0
조회
0
다운로드
6
인용
0
참고문헌
초록
This paper discusses how the modern gaze has given birth to locals since the age of the geographical discoveries and a search for how the local subjects are able to find their beings and the oppressive world around them, and construct their own gazes to promote true human relationships. The globalization of the West as the center of the world has started with the discovery of new sea routes and new lands to gain gold or other valuables. I understand this process as the primitive accumulation of capital in the world scale. The modern gaze(objectification) of the West, therefore, divides the people of local from place, and then rules the native as slaves or even “things” to exploit human and natural resources. Objectification, one of the ways of human thinking, originally enlightened the road to the modern horizon of liberation from the darkness of the Middle Age, but has been appropriated to study and conquer the other by the modern subject. I suggest disobjectification as a concept in the making can be a way of thinking of the oppressed to discover their beings and the oppressor within their inner space and in the world, and construct locals as liberating spaces. Through the discussion, I argue the concept of local should include not only the material place but the spiritual place of human.
Abstract
This paper discusses how the modern gaze has given birth to locals since the age of the geographical discoveries and a search for how the local subjects are able to find their beings and the oppressive world around them, and construct their own gazes to promote true human relationships. The globalization of the West as the center of the world has started with the discovery of new sea routes and new lands to gain gold or other valuables. I understand this process as the primitive accumulation of capital in the world scale. The modern gaze(objectification) of the West, therefore, divides the people of local from place, and then rules the native as slaves or even “things” to exploit human and natural resources. Objectification, one of the ways of human thinking, originally enlightened the road to the modern horizon of liberation from the darkness of the Middle Age, but has been appropriated to study and conquer the other by the modern subject. I suggest disobjectification as a concept in the making can be a way of thinking of the oppressed to discover their beings and the oppressor within their inner space and in the world, and construct locals as liberating spaces. Through the discussion, I argue the concept of local should include not only the material place but the spiritual place of human.
참고문헌 (31)
- 강내희, "언어와 변혁: 변혁의 언어모델 비판과 주체의 ‘역동일시’", 문화과학, 2, pp.11~46 (1992)
- 김용규, "문화정치학과 비판적 로컬리티 연구", 韓國民族文化, 32, pp.31~69 (2008)
- 딜릭,아리프, "전지구적 자본주의에 눈뜨기" (1998), 창비
- 맥도넬, 다이안, "담론이란 무엇인가" (1992), 한울
- 배윤기, "우리 번역문화 형성을 위한 비판적 일 고찰", 새한영어영문학, 50(2), pp.45~70 (2008)
- 배윤기, "윌슨의 우리 검둥이와 역객관화 전략", 미국학연구, 38(3), pp.181~206 (2006)
- 번스타인, 피터, "황금의 지배" (2000), 작가정신
- 촘스키, 노암, "507년, 정복은 계속된다" (2000), 이후
- Anderson,Benedict, "Imagined Communities" (1991), Verso
- Appadurai,Arjun, "Modernity at Large" (1996), U of Minnesota P
- Beller, Manfred, "Forward. Imagology: The Cultural Construction and Literary Representation of National Characters. Eds. Manfred Beller and Joep Leerssen. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2007. xiii-xvi", ~ (2007)
- Bigelow, Bill, "Introduction. Rethinking Globalization" (2002), Rethinking Schools
- Buber,Martin, "I and Thou. Trans. Walter Kaufmann" (1970), Charles Scribner’s Sons
- Constantine, J. Robert, "The Ignoble Savage, An Eighteenth Century Literary Stereotype. White Racism" (1970), Dell
- Davis, Jeffrey Sasha, "Representing Place: ‘Deserted Isles’ and the Reproduction of Bikini Atoll", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 95(3), pp.607~625 (2005)
- Fanon, Frantz, "Black Skin, White Masks" (1967), Grove
- Freire, Paulo, "Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Trans. Myra Bergman Ramos" (1970), Herder and Herder
- Friedman, Jonathan, "Being in the World: Globalization and Localization", pp.311~328 (1990), SAGE
- Gates Jr., Henry Louis, "Introduction: Narration and Cultural Memory in the African-American Tradition. Talk That Talk", pp.15~19 (1989), Simon & Schuster
- Gilroy,Paul, "The Black Atlantic" (1993), Havard UP
- Hall, Stuart, "Old and New Identities, Old and New Ethnicities.” Culture, Globalization and the World-System", pp.41~68 (1997), U of Minnesota P
- Hughes, Langston, "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain.” Harlem Renaissance Reader", pp.91~95 (1994), Penguin
- Lawrence,D.H., "Studies in Classic American Literature" (1978), Penguin
- Marx, Karl, "Manifesto of the Communist Party. The Marx-Engels Reader", pp.469~500 (1978), W. W. Norton
- Massey,Doreen, "Space, Place, and Gender" (1994), Polity P
- Melville, Herman, "Moby Dick" (1994), Penguin
- Peterson, Bob, "Burning Books and Destroying People.” Rethinking Globalization", pp.38~43, Rethinking Schools
- Podair, Simon, "Language and Prejudice Toward Negroes.” White Racism", pp.385~391 (1970), Dell
- Schumitt,Richard."Racism and Objectification:Reflections on Themes from Fanon."Fanon:A Critical Reader.Eds.Lewis R.Gordon,T.Denean Sharpley-Whiting,and Rene T.White.Oxford:Blackwell, "Racism and Objectification: Reflections on Themes from Fanon.” Fanon: A Critical Reader", pp.35~50 (1996), Blackwell
- Tocqueville, Alexis de, "Democracy in America. Ed. Phillips Bradley" (1926), Alfred A. Knopf
- Zinn, Howard, "A People’s History of the United States" (1999), HarperCollins