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지역 특성을 고려한 무더위쉼터의 입지특성 분석 및 평가 모델 개발

Development of a Model for Analylzing and Evaluating the Suitability of Locations for Cooling Center Considering Local Characteristics

이경일|류지은|부찬종|조경두
한국환경영향평가학회 (Korean Society Of Environmental Impact Assessment)|2024.08|환경영향평가 (Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment)|제33권 제4호|pp. 143-154|DOI 10.14249/eia.2024.33.4.143

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키워드

로지스틱 회귀분석Logistic Regression Analysis폭염Heat Wave무더위쉼터온열질환Heat-related illness기후위기 적응대책Climate crisis Adaptation MeasuresCooling Center
주제분류환경공학

초록

기후변화로 인한 폭염은 취약계층의 건강 피해를 급격히 증가시키고 있으며, 이를 예방하기 위하여 국가, 광역, 기초지자체는 기후위기 적응대책을 수립하고 있다. 폭염 피해를 줄이기 위한 대표적인 기후위기 적응대책은 무더위쉼터 개소 수 확대이다. 단기간에 효과가 높아 전라북도를 제외한 대부분의 광역지자체에서는 해당 사업을 적응대책으로 포함하고 있다. 하지만 예산 및 비예산 등에 따라 무더위쉼터로서 선정 기준이 달라 무더위쉼터의 이용률 및 효과가 모두 다르다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지자체에서 적응대책 이행을 위해 무더위쉼터 확장 시 가능성이 높은 지역을 예측 및 평가할 수 있는 로지스틱 회귀분석 모델을 개발하였다. 원도심과 신도시의 공존 등으로 다양한 폭염 취약 환경으로 구성된 인천광역시를 대상으로 사회경제적환경적 차이를 고려하여 강화옹진군과 이외의 지역으로 구분하여 무더위쉼터 가능 지역을 예측하는 로지스틱 모델을 개발하였다. 연구 결과, 강화옹진군 지역의 통계 모델에서는 지표면 온도가 높을수록, 65세 이상 고령자수가 많을수록 무더위쉼터 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 약 80.93%의 예측 정확도를 나타냈다. 강화옹진군 이외의 지역에 대해서는 지표면 온도가 높을수록, 65세 이상 고령자 수가 많을수록, 30년 이상인 노후 주택으로부터의 거리가 가까울수록, 공공시설로부터의 거리가 가까울수록 무더위쉼터 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 약 89.08%의 예측 정확도로 나타났다. 개발된 로지스틱 회귀모형은 지역의 특성을 고려하여 무더위쉼터로서 가능성이 높은 지역을 예측 및 평가할 수 있으며, 추후 무더위쉼터 추가 지정 시 우선순위 선정 및 관리에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract

Heat waves caused by climate change are rapidly increasing health damage to vulnerable groups, and to prevent this, the national, regional, and local governments are establishing climate crisis adaptation policy. A representative climate crisis adaptation policy to reduce heat wave damage is to expand the number of cooling centers. Because it is highly effective in a short period of time, most metropolitan local governments, except Jeonbuk, include the project as an adaptation policy. However, the criteria for selecting a cooling centers are different depending on the budget and non-budget, so the utilization rate and effectiveness of the cooling centers are all different. Therefore, in this study, we developed logistic regression models that can predict and evaluate areas with a high probability of expanding cooling centers in order to implement adaptation policy in local governments. In Incheon Metropolitan City, which consists of various heat wave-vulnerable environments due to the coexistence of the old city and the new city, a logistic model was developed to predict areas where heat waves can be cooling centered by dividing it into GanghwaOngjin-gun and other regions, taking into account socioeconomic and environmental differences. As a result of the study, the statistical model for the GanghwaOgjin-gun region showed that the higher the ground surface temperature and the more and more the number of elderly people over 65 years old, the higher the possibility of location of cooling centers, and the prediction accuracy was about 80.93%. The developed logistic regression model can predict and evaluate areas with a high potential as cooling centers by considering regional environmental and social characteristics, and is expected to be used for priority selection and management when designating additional cooling centers in the future.

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