생태면적률을 통한 자연기반해법 적용 효과 연구 - 택지개발지구 사례를 중심으로 -
A Study on the Effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions through the Biotope Area Ratio - Focusing on the Case of Residential Development Districts -
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초록
본 연구는 생태면적률(Biotope Area Factor, BAF)이 도시 개발 과정에서 자연기반해법(Nature-based Solutions, NbS)의 도구로서 생태계서비스(Ecosystem Services, ES)에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 대상지로 김포 한강신도시, 고양 삼송지구, 안성 아양지구를 선정하고, InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs)의Annual Water Yield, Carbon Storage, Habitat Quality, Urban Cooling, Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) 모델을 활용하여 주요 생태계서비스의 변화를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 수량 공급을 제외한 대부분의 생태계서비스 지표가 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 탄소 저장과 서식처 질의 감소가 두드러졌다. 이러한 결과는 생태계서비스의 질적 개선이 필요함을 시사하며, 양적 확보만으로는 도시 생태계의 지속가능성을 보장하기 어렵다는 한계를 드러낸다. 따라서, 생태면적률을 효과적으로 적용하기 위해서는 질적 개선이 필수적이며, 도시 내 녹지의 생태적 기능을 강화하는 전략적 접근이 필요하다. 또한, 본 연구는 그린인프라 구축을 통한 생태적 네트워크의 중요성, 그리고 생태계서비스 변화를 지속적으로평가하고 모니터링할 수 있는 체계 마련의 필요성을 강조하였다. 이러한 결과는 생태면적률이 자연기반해법의실효성을 높이는 중요한 도구로 활용될 수 있음을 보여주며, 도시 개발 과정에서 생태계서비스를 극대화할 수있는 정책적 시사점을 제공한다.
Abstract
This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the Biotope Area Factor (BAF) as a tool for Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) on ecosystem services in the urban development process. The study sites selected were Gimpo Han River New City, Goyang Samsong District, and Anseong Ayang District. To analyze changes in major ecosystem services, the study utilized InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) models, including Carbon Storage, Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR), Urban Cooling, Annual Water Yield, and Habitat Quality. The analysis results showed a decreasing trend in most ecosystem service indicators, except for water supply, with significant declines in carbon storage and habitat quality. These findings suggest the need for qualitative improvements in ecosystem services, highlighting the limitations of relying solely on quantitative measures to ensure the sustainability of urban ecosystems. Therefore, the effective application of the BFF requires qualitative improvements and a strategic approach to enhancing the ecological functions of urban green spaces. This study also emphasizes the importance of establishing ecological networks through green infrastructure and the need for a continuous monitoring system to evaluate changes in ecosystem services. The results demonstrate that the BFF can be an important tool for enhancing the effectiveness of NbS and provide policy implications for maximizing ecosystem services during urban development.
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