Ecocriticism and Ecology in American Fiction and Film
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Ecocriticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment. It deals with the interconnections between nature and culture, specifically the cultural artifacts of language and literature. Ecology and environmentalism have penetrated into literary and cultural theory, and ecological and ecocritical concepts have shaped their theoretical ideas into ecocriticism, whose integration and interaction with literature incorporate the main key concepts of identification, balance/harmony, de-anthropocentrism, and pure immanence. Ecocritical discourse in the second part has been applied to the interpretation of literary works and a film whose backgrounds range from rural to urban areas, even to cyberspace cities. As reviewed in this essay, the virtual landscapes in Neuromancer and Bladerunner are good objects of ecocritical discourse, although the virtual space is still too abstract to define from an ecological or ecocritical perspective. Cyberspace has emerged as a new space in which different kinds of ecological changes influence human consciousness and thinking materially as well as immaterially. If we argue that we as humans are at the center of the universe, the problem is not solved at all. At this point, what we must do is find the optimal ecological equilibrium among all universal elements, giving up an anthropocentric and accepting a biocentric view of life.
Abstract
Ecocriticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment. It deals with the interconnections between nature and culture, specifically the cultural artifacts of language and literature. Ecology and environmentalism have penetrated into literary and cultural theory, and ecological and ecocritical concepts have shaped their theoretical ideas into ecocriticism, whose integration and interaction with literature incorporate the main key concepts of identification, balance/harmony, de-anthropocentrism, and pure immanence. Ecocritical discourse in the second part has been applied to the interpretation of literary works and a film whose backgrounds range from rural to urban areas, even to cyberspace cities. As reviewed in this essay, the virtual landscapes in Neuromancer and Bladerunner are good objects of ecocritical discourse, although the virtual space is still too abstract to define from an ecological or ecocritical perspective. Cyberspace has emerged as a new space in which different kinds of ecological changes influence human consciousness and thinking materially as well as immaterially. If we argue that we as humans are at the center of the universe, the problem is not solved at all. At this point, what we must do is find the optimal ecological equilibrium among all universal elements, giving up an anthropocentric and accepting a biocentric view of life.
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