The Investigation on the Distribution of Malassezia Yeasts on the Normal Korean Skin by 26S rDNA PCR-RFLP
2
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background: Malassezia yeasts are normal flora of the skin that are discovered in 75∼98% of health subjects, but since its association with various skin disorders have been known, many studies have been conducted in the distribution of the yeasts. Objective: To isolate, identify, and classify Malassezia yeasts from the normal human skin of Koreans by using the rapid and accurate molecular biology method (26S rDNA PCR-RFLP) which overcome the limits of morphological and biochemical methods, and to gather a basic database that will show its relation to various skin diseases. Methods: Malassezia yeasts were cultured from clinically healthy human skin using scrub-wash technique at five sites (forehead, cheek, chest, upper arm, and thigh) and swabbing technique at scalp in 160 participants comprised of 80 males and 80 females aged from 0 to 80. Identification of obtained strains were placed into the one of the 11 species by 26S rDNA PCR-RFLP. Results: An overall positive culture rate was 62.4% (599/960). As shown in the experiment groups by their age, the positive culture rate was the highest (74.2%) in the age 21∼30 and 31∼40 (89/120). In the experiment groups by different body areas, the scalp showed the highest positive culture rate of 90% (144/160). On analysis of 26S rDNA PCR-RFLP, M. globosa was the most predominant species in the age 0∼10 (32.8%), 11∼20 (28.9%), 21∼30 (32.3%). M. restricta was identified as predominant species in the age 41∼50 (27.9%), 61∼70 (31.5%) and 71∼80 (24.0%). In the age 31∼40 years, M. sympodialis was found to be the most common species (24.6%). According to body site, M. restricta was more frequently recovered in the scalp (56.8%), forehead (39.8%) and cheek (24.0%) and while M. globosa was more frequently recovered in the chest (36.8%). Higher positive culture rates of Malassezia yeasts were shown in male subjects than female counterparts in all body areas except scalp (p＜0.05). Especially in this study, M. dermatis, newly isolated Malassezia species from atopic dermatitis patient in Japan, was isolated and identified in 19 cases (1.9%) in healthy subjects. Conclusion: The key is to recognize the existence of a difference in the type of Malassezia species in different ages as well as body areas, which reflects differing skin lipid levels in various ages and different body areas. Moreover, 26S rDNA PCR-RFLP analysis which was opted in this study could provide a sensitive and rapid identification system for Malassezia species, which may be applied to epidemiological surveys and clinical practice.
Abstract
Background: Malassezia yeasts are normal flora of the skin that are discovered in 75∼98% of health subjects, but since its association with various skin disorders have been known, many studies have been conducted in the distribution of the yeasts. Objective: To isolate, identify, and classify Malassezia yeasts from the normal human skin of Koreans by using the rapid and accurate molecular biology method (26S rDNA PCR-RFLP) which overcome the limits of morphological and biochemical methods, and to gather a basic database that will show its relation to various skin diseases. Methods: Malassezia yeasts were cultured from clinically healthy human skin using scrub-wash technique at five sites (forehead, cheek, chest, upper arm, and thigh) and swabbing technique at scalp in 160 participants comprised of 80 males and 80 females aged from 0 to 80. Identification of obtained strains were placed into the one of the 11 species by 26S rDNA PCR-RFLP. Results: An overall positive culture rate was 62.4% (599/960). As shown in the experiment groups by their age, the positive culture rate was the highest (74.2%) in the age 21∼30 and 31∼40 (89/120). In the experiment groups by different body areas, the scalp showed the highest positive culture rate of 90% (144/160). On analysis of 26S rDNA PCR-RFLP, M. globosa was the most predominant species in the age 0∼10 (32.8%), 11∼20 (28.9%), 21∼30 (32.3%). M. restricta was identified as predominant species in the age 41∼50 (27.9%), 61∼70 (31.5%) and 71∼80 (24.0%). In the age 31∼40 years, M. sympodialis was found to be the most common species (24.6%). According to body site, M. restricta was more frequently recovered in the scalp (56.8%), forehead (39.8%) and cheek (24.0%) and while M. globosa was more frequently recovered in the chest (36.8%). Higher positive culture rates of Malassezia yeasts were shown in male subjects than female counterparts in all body areas except scalp (p＜0.05). Especially in this study, M. dermatis, newly isolated Malassezia species from atopic dermatitis patient in Japan, was isolated and identified in 19 cases (1.9%) in healthy subjects. Conclusion: The key is to recognize the existence of a difference in the type of Malassezia species in different ages as well as body areas, which reflects differing skin lipid levels in various ages and different body areas. Moreover, 26S rDNA PCR-RFLP analysis which was opted in this study could provide a sensitive and rapid identification system for Malassezia species, which may be applied to epidemiological surveys and clinical practice.
참고문헌 (43)
- Janik MP, "easts infection: Candidiasis, Pityriasis. in : Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine", pp.1822~1830 (2008), McGraw-Hill
- Ahn KJ, "Taxonomy of the genus Malassezia", Korean J Med Mycol, 3, pp.81~88 (1998)
- Ljubojević S, "The role of Malassezia furfur in dermatology", Clin Dermatol, 20, pp.179~182 (2002)
- Kanda N, "The skin fungus-induced Th1- and Th2-related cytokine, chemokine and prostaglandin E2 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris", Clin Exp Allergy, 32, pp.1243~1250 (2002)
- Ginarte M, "Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (Gougerot-Carteaud) successfully treated with tacalcitol", J Dermatolog Treat, 13, pp.27~30 (2002)
- Yesudian P, "Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (Gougerot-Carteaud). An abnormal host reaction to Malassezia furfur", Acta Derm Venereol, 53, pp.381~384 (1973)
- Chowdhary A, "Malassezia furfur in a case of onychomycosis: colonizer or etiologic agent?", Med Mycol, 43, pp.87~90 (2005)
- Gupta AK, "Skin diseases associated with Malassezia species", J Am Acad Dermatol, 51, pp.785~798 (2004)
- Devlin RK, "Invasive fungal infections caused by Candida and Malassezia species in the neonatal intensive care unit", Adv Neonatal Care, 6, pp.68~77 (2006)
- Curvale-Fauchet N, "Frequency of intravascular catheter colonization by Malassezia spp. in adult patients", Mycoses, 47, pp.491~494 (2004)
- Guého E, "The genus Malassezia with description of four new species", Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 69, pp.337~355 (1996)
- Lee YW, "Quantitative investigation on the distribution of Malassezia species on healthy human skin in Korea", Mycoses, 49, pp.405~410 (2006)
- Guillot J, "Identification of Malassezia species: a practical approach", J Mycol Med, 6, pp.103~110 (1996)
- Rodriguez-Valero S, "Phenotypic characterization of species of Malassezia in healthy skin of an university student population", Invest Clin, 46, pp.329~335 (2005)
- Bernier V, "Skin colonization by Malassezia species in neonates: a prospective study and relationship with neonatal cephalic pustulosis", Arch Dermatol, 138, pp.215~218 (2002)
- Morishita N, "Molecular analysis of Malassezia microflora from patients with pityriasis versicolor", Mycopathologia, 161, pp.61~65 (2006)
- Sugita T, "Quantitative analysis of cutaneous Malassezia in atopic dermatitis patients using real-time PCR", Microbiol Immunol, 50, pp.549~552 (2006)
- Senczek D, "Characterization of Malassezia species by means of phenotypic characteristics and detection of electrophoretic karyotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)", Mycoses, 42, pp.409~414 (1999)
- Gupta AK, "Identification and typing of Malassezia species by amplified fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer and large-subunit regions of ribosomal DNA", J Clin Microbiol, 42, pp.4253~4260 (2004)
- Theelen B, "Identification and typing of Malassezia yeasts using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)", FEMS Yeast Res, 1, pp.79~86 (2001)
- Gandra RF, "Genotyping by RAPD-PCR analyses of Malassezia furfur strains from pityriasis versicolor and seborrhoeic dermatitis patients", Mycopathologia, 162, pp.273~280 (2006)
- Gaitanis G, "Distribution of Malassezia species in pityriasis versicolor and seborrhoeic dermatitis in Greece. Typing of the major pityriasis versicolor isolate M. globosa", Br J Dermatol, 154, pp.854~859 (2006)
- Gemmer CM, "Fast, noninvasive method for molecular detection and differentiation of Malassezia yeast species on human skin and application of the method to dandruff microbiology", J Clin Microbiol, 40, pp.3350~3357 (2002)
- Guillot J, "A single PCR-restriction endonuclease analysis for rapid identification of Malassezia species", Lett Appl Microbiol, 31, pp.400~403 (2000)
- Makimura K, "Species identification and strain typing of Malassezia species stock strains and clinical isolates based on the DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions", J Med Microbiol, 49, pp.29~35 (2000)
- Gaitanis G, "Identification of Malassezia species from patient skin scales by PCR-RFLP", Clin Microbiol Infect, 8, pp.162~173 (2002)
- Mirhendi H, "A simple PCR-RFLP method for identification and differentiation of 11 Malassezia species", J Microbiol Methods, 61, pp.281~284 (2005)
- 이양원, "Malassezia 효모균 동정에 26S rDNA PCR-RFLP기법의 적용", 대한의진균학회지, 11(3), pp.141~153 (2006), 대한의진균학회1
- Sugita T, "Sequence diversity of the intergenic spacer region of the rRNA gene of Malassezia globosa colonizing the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy individuals", J Clin Microbiol, 41, pp.3022~3027 (2003)
- Sugita T, "New yeast species, Malassezia dermatis, isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis", J Clin Microbiol, 40, pp.1363~1367 (2002)
- Sugita T, "Description of a new yeast species, Malassezia japonica, and its detection in patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy subjects", J Clin Microbiol, 41, pp.4695~4699 (2003)
- Hirai A, "Malassezia nana sp. nov., a novel lipid-dependent yeast species isolated from animals", Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 54, pp.623~627 (2004)
- Williamson P, "A new method for the quantitative investigation of cutaneous bacteria", J Invest Dermatol, 45, pp.498~503 (1965)
- Leeming JP, "The distribution and ecology of Malassezia furfur and cutaneous bacteria on human skin", J Appl Bacteriol, 67, pp.47~52 (1989)
- Leeming JP, "Improved methods for isolation and enumeration of Malassezia furfur from human skin", J Clin Microbiol, 25, pp.2017~2019 (1987)
- Sugita T, "A new yeast, Malassezia yamatoensis, isolated from a patient with seborrheic dermatitis, and its distribution in patients and healthy subjects", Microbiol Immunol, 48, pp.579~583 (2004)
- Faergemann J, "Age incidence of Pityrosporum orbiculare on human skin", Acta Derm Venereol, 60, pp.531~533 (1980)
- Bergbrant IM, "Variations of Pityrosporum orbiculare in middle-aged and elderly individuals", Acta Derm Venereol, 68, pp.537~540 (1988)
- Kwon HC, "The distribution of Malassezia yeasts on normal human skin by culture study using the scrub-wash technique", Korean J Dermatol, 37, pp.38~45 (1999)
- Gupta AK, "Prevalence of Malassezia species on various body sites in clinically healthy subjects representing different age groups", Med Mycol, 42, pp.35~42 (2004)
- Nakabayashi A, "Identification of Malassezia species isolated from patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor and normal subjects", Med Mycol, 38, pp.337~341 (2000)
- Leeming JP, "Susceptibility of Malassezia furfur subgroups to terbinafine", Br J Dermatol, 137, pp.764~767 (1997)
- Ashbee HR, "The carriage of Malassezia furfur serovars A, B and C in patients with pityriasis versicolor, seborrhoeic dermatitis and controls", Br J Dermatol, 129, pp.533~540 (1993)