Gender Difference in the Level of HDL Cholesterol in Korean Adults
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background: High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level varies with ethnicity and gender. In Korea there has not been an agreement on standards for HDL cholesterol level. Therefore, in order to establish a foundation for research on HDL cholesterol, we investigated the gender difference in HDL cholesterol level after adjusting associated factors. Methods: The study population included 4,465 individuals (1,833 men, 2,632 women) representing 33,502,918 Koreans 20 years of age or older, who participated in the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. After stratifying by gender, we analyzed the HDL cholesterol level according to the general characteristics of the study population. Then we identifi ed independent factors associated with HDL cholesterol level. After adjusting for covariates, we estimated the gender difference in HDL cholesterol level. Results: We demonstrated that age, current smoking, body mass index, alcohol intake, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol level have signifi cant impact on HDL cholesterol level. In addition, educational status was also an important factor for men, while fat intake was a significant factor for women. After adjusting associated factors,the means (standard errors) of HDL cholesterol level were 43.8 (0.2) mg/dL in men and 46.3 (0.2) mg/dL in women,respectively. Conclusion: The mean gender difference in HDL level (2.5 mg/dL) in Korean adults was, therefore, less than those observed in previous western studies.
Abstract
Background: High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level varies with ethnicity and gender. In Korea there has not been an agreement on standards for HDL cholesterol level. Therefore, in order to establish a foundation for research on HDL cholesterol, we investigated the gender difference in HDL cholesterol level after adjusting associated factors. Methods: The study population included 4,465 individuals (1,833 men, 2,632 women) representing 33,502,918 Koreans 20 years of age or older, who participated in the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. After stratifying by gender, we analyzed the HDL cholesterol level according to the general characteristics of the study population. Then we identifi ed independent factors associated with HDL cholesterol level. After adjusting for covariates, we estimated the gender difference in HDL cholesterol level. Results: We demonstrated that age, current smoking, body mass index, alcohol intake, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol level have signifi cant impact on HDL cholesterol level. In addition, educational status was also an important factor for men, while fat intake was a significant factor for women. After adjusting associated factors,the means (standard errors) of HDL cholesterol level were 43.8 (0.2) mg/dL in men and 46.3 (0.2) mg/dL in women,respectively. Conclusion: The mean gender difference in HDL level (2.5 mg/dL) in Korean adults was, therefore, less than those observed in previous western studies.
참고문헌 (28)
- Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults, "Executive Summary of Th e Th ird Report of Th e National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)", JAMA, 285, pp.2486~2497 (2001)
- Teramoto T, "Diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia. Executive summary of Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guideline for diagnosis and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases for Japanese", J Atheroscler Th romb, 14, pp.155~158 (2007)
- Haffner SM, "American Diabetes Association. Dyslipidemia management in adults with diabetes", Diabetes Care, 27(1), pp.S68~S71 (2004)
- Graham I, "European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: fourth joint task force of the European society of cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (Constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts)", Eur Heart J, 28, pp.2375~2414 (2007)
- Musha H, "Gender diff erence in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in elderly Japanese patients with coronary artery disease", Intern Med, 45, pp.241~245 (2006)
- Davis CE, "Sex diff erence in high density lipoprotein cholesterol in six countries", Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp.1100~1106 (1996)
- Kesteloot H, "A comparative study of serum lipids between Belgium and Korea", Circulation, 65, pp.795~799 (1982)
- Barrett-Connor E, "Sex differences in coronary heart disease. Why are women so superior? The 1995 Ancel Keys Lecture", Circulation, 95, pp.252~264 (1997)
- Klimis D, "Gender diff erences in blood lipids in a Greek island population: the EPIC study", Nutr Res, 20, pp.35~45 (2000)
- Friedewald WT, "Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge", Clin Chem, 18, pp.499~502 (1972)
- Kim SM, "Prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol levels and associated factors among Koreans", CIRCULATION JOURNAL, 70(7), pp.820~826 (2006), The Japanese Circulation Society
- Goh VH, "Differential impact of aging and gender on lipid and lipoprotein profi les in a cohort of healthy Chinese Singaporeans", Asian J Androl, 9, pp.787~794 (2007)
- Carroll MD, "Trends in serum lipids and lipoproteins of adults, 1960-2002", JAMA, 294, pp.1773~1781 (2002)
- Kesteloot H, "Serum lipids in the People's Republic of China: comparison of Western and Eastern populations", Arteriosclerosis, 5, pp.427~433 (1985)
- Mascitelli L, "High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and sex difference in coronary heart disease risk", Am J Med, 119, pp.e17~ (2006)
- Rossouw JE, "Hormones, genetic factors, and gender diff erences in cardiovascular disease", Cardiovasc Res, 53, pp.550~557 (2002)
- Suh MS, "Factors associated low HDL cholesterol in adults", J Korean Acad Fam Med, 22, pp.1214~1223 (2001)
- Park HA, "Age, menopause, and cardiovas cular risk factors among Korean middle-aged women: the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey", J Womens Health (Larchmt), 19, pp.869~876 (2010)
- Sacks FM, "Th e eff ect of pravastatin on coronary events aft er myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators", N Engl J Med, 335, pp.1001~1009 (1996)
- Rubins HB, "Gemfi brozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol", N Engl J Med, 341, pp.410~418 (1999), Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group
- The Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III), 2005, "Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ~ (2006)
- Fauci AS, "Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 17th ed" (2008), McGraw-Hill
- Kwiterovich PO Jr, "The metabolic pathways of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides: a current review", Am J Cardiol, 86(12A), pp.5L~10L (2000)
- Hansel B, "One third of the variability in HDL-cholesterol level in a large dyslipidaemic population is predicted by age, sex and triglyceridaemia: The Paris La Pitie Study", Curr Med Res Opin, 22, pp.1149~1160 (2006)
- Kolovou GD, "Gender diff erences in the lipid profi le of dyslipidemic subjects", Eur J Intern Med, 20, pp.145~151 (2009)
- Wolf G, "High-fat, high-cholesterol diet raises plasma HDL cholesterol: studies on the mechanism of this effect", Nutr Rev, 54, pp.34~35 (1996)
- Teramoto M, "Regular exercise and plasma lipid levels associated with the risk of coronary heart disease: a 20-year longitudinal study", Res Q Exerc Sport, 80, pp.138~145 (2009)
- Muennig P, "Socioeconomic status as an independent predictor of physiological biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: evidence from NHANES", Prev Med, 45, pp.35~40 (2007)