The Relationship of Caffeine Intake with Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Sleep in Korean Adolescents
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Background: In various studies in adults, caffeine may increase wakefulness and relieve pain, but caffeine overdosecan cause many adverse serious effects on health. Caffeine intake has recently been increasing in adolescents. Inspite of importance of caffeine effects on Korean adolescents, there are lack of scientific and systematic studies. Thepurpose of our study was to identify the relationship between caffeine consumption and effects on adolescents. Methods: We performed study on 234 middle school students at one middle school in Daegu using a self-reportquestionnaire. We divided students to quartiles according to amount of caffeine intake. We used Beck DepressionInventory (BDI) to evaluate the degree of depression and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to evaluate the degree ofanxiety. We also used Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI) to evaluate the degree of insomnia and Global Assessment ofRecent Stress (GARS) to evaluate the stress in students. We used logistic regression analysis to identify the relationshipbetween caffeine consumption and effects. Results: Higher caffeine intake was associated with higher weight, height, lower academic achievement, and higherscore in BDI, BAI, ISI, and GARS (P for trend <0.005). Higher caffeine intake quartile was associated with greaterodds of having significant depression (BDI ≥10, P for trend=0.011), and insomnia (ISI ≥8, P for trend=0.015) afteradjustment for factors that can affect the psychological status. Conclusion: We found that caffeine intake is associated weight, height, academic achievement, and higher score inBDI, BAI, ISI, and GARS. Caffeine intake was positively associated with the severity of depression and the severity ofinsomnia among adolescents in Korean.
Abstract
Background: In various studies in adults, caffeine may increase wakefulness and relieve pain, but caffeine overdosecan cause many adverse serious effects on health. Caffeine intake has recently been increasing in adolescents. Inspite of importance of caffeine effects on Korean adolescents, there are lack of scientific and systematic studies. Thepurpose of our study was to identify the relationship between caffeine consumption and effects on adolescents. Methods: We performed study on 234 middle school students at one middle school in Daegu using a self-reportquestionnaire. We divided students to quartiles according to amount of caffeine intake. We used Beck DepressionInventory (BDI) to evaluate the degree of depression and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to evaluate the degree ofanxiety. We also used Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI) to evaluate the degree of insomnia and Global Assessment ofRecent Stress (GARS) to evaluate the stress in students. We used logistic regression analysis to identify the relationshipbetween caffeine consumption and effects. Results: Higher caffeine intake was associated with higher weight, height, lower academic achievement, and higherscore in BDI, BAI, ISI, and GARS (P for trend <0.005). Higher caffeine intake quartile was associated with greaterodds of having significant depression (BDI ≥10, P for trend=0.011), and insomnia (ISI ≥8, P for trend=0.015) afteradjustment for factors that can affect the psychological status. Conclusion: We found that caffeine intake is associated weight, height, academic achievement, and higher score inBDI, BAI, ISI, and GARS. Caffeine intake was positively associated with the severity of depression and the severity ofinsomnia among adolescents in Korean.
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