Use of Hypnotics and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
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Background: Previous observational epidemiological studies have shown inconsistent results on the relationshipbetween hypnotics use and risk of cancer. To determine the association between hypnotics use and risk of cancer,we conducted a meta-analysis of available literature. Methods: We searched databases PubMed, EMBASE, and the bibliographies of relevant articles to locate additionalpublications in February 2016. Three evaluators independently reviewed and selected eligible studies based onpre-determined selection criteria. Results: A total of six observational epidemiological studies including three case-control studies and three cohortstudies, which involved 1,830,434 participants (202,629 hypnotics users and 1,627,805 non-users), were included inthe final analyses. In a random-effects meta-analysis, compared with non-use of hypnotics, the odds ratio for overallhypnotics use was 1.29 for various cancers (95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.53). Subgroup meta-analyses byvarious factors such as study design, type of case-control study, study region, and methodological quality of studyrevealed consistent findings. Conclusion: Our findings from a meta-analysis of low-biased epidemiological studies suggested evidence linkingthe use of hypnotics to an increased risk of cancers. The results should be cautiously interpreted because ofconsiderable heterogeneity with a Higgins I2 value.
Abstract
Background: Previous observational epidemiological studies have shown inconsistent results on the relationshipbetween hypnotics use and risk of cancer. To determine the association between hypnotics use and risk of cancer,we conducted a meta-analysis of available literature. Methods: We searched databases PubMed, EMBASE, and the bibliographies of relevant articles to locate additionalpublications in February 2016. Three evaluators independently reviewed and selected eligible studies based onpre-determined selection criteria. Results: A total of six observational epidemiological studies including three case-control studies and three cohortstudies, which involved 1,830,434 participants (202,629 hypnotics users and 1,627,805 non-users), were included inthe final analyses. In a random-effects meta-analysis, compared with non-use of hypnotics, the odds ratio for overallhypnotics use was 1.29 for various cancers (95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.53). Subgroup meta-analyses byvarious factors such as study design, type of case-control study, study region, and methodological quality of studyrevealed consistent findings. Conclusion: Our findings from a meta-analysis of low-biased epidemiological studies suggested evidence linkingthe use of hypnotics to an increased risk of cancers. The results should be cautiously interpreted because ofconsiderable heterogeneity with a Higgins I2 value.
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