인문치료, 고통에 대해 묻다? - 쇼펜하우어에 있어서 고통과 치료의 해석학 -

Abstract

In this thesis this writer will deal with the philosophy of suffering of Schopenhauer who regarded the question of suffering as his topic of conversation before Nietzsche, that is, who can be the pioneer of the suffering discourse of the modern times though he searched for the way to diagnosis and therapy against suffering(Leiden) different from Nietzsche's. As for the discourse about the question of suffering and the therapy of the corresponding suffering in Schopenhauer philosophy, this writer intends to express ‘Hermeneutics of suffering(Hermeneutik des Leidens) and ‘Hermeneutics of Therapy(Hermeneutik der Therapie)’ respectively. In fact, Schopenhauer philosophy is the philosophy severely criticized by Nietzsche. Especially, when Nietzsche searches for the decadence of European culture and one of reasons of nihilism as its consequence in Schopenhauer's denial of will and ethics of sympathy(Mitleid), Nietzsche's criticism that Schopenhauer has an negative effect on human life highlights its argument dramatically. Therefore, if we are to deal with the question of a moderner's suffering and study the problem of its therapy through Schopenhauer's thought, it is inevitable to read Schopenhauer again from the point of Nietzsche's criticism. This writer will inquire into the problem setting on such a suffering with the center of the axle of two concepts as diagnosis of pain and its therapy in Schopenhauer's thought. Through this work, I research, most of all, the dimension of recognition on representation(Vorstellung), will(Wille), and idea(Idee) which seem contradictory in Schopenhauer's thought centered on the concept of suffering. Through this work, I research, most of all, the dimension of recognition on representation(Vorstellung), will(Wille), and idea(Idee) which seem contradictory in Schopenhauer's thought centered on the concept of suffering. And I'll study 'Hermeneutics of Therapy' with the main concepts of art(Kunst) and contemplation (Kontemplation) whose assignments center on the recognition of idea, disclose that Schopenhauer's thought of pessimism doesn't stop in the diagnostic level of life but extends itself to grope for its own exit, and intensify the therapeutic dimension which has been treated neglectfully. Further, As for the important argument in such a therapeutic level, this writer will clarify how to explain the dimension of the art and recognition providing the exit from a pessimistic world view based on the theory of will or the theory of representation of the diagnostic dimension not in contradiction with will theory or representation theory. Likewise, in this thesis this writer intends to grope for the problem setting on the suffering which can be an important subject in Humanities Therapy in the thought of Schopenhauer who is a master of Hermeneutics of suffering, and activate the discourse on suffering and therapy in Humanities Therapy on the one hand, and establish a modern phase of Schopenhauer's thought which is not dealt with seriously in philosophy on the other hand.