한국인 성인의 당뇨병 어떻게 관리되고 있을까?-미국당뇨병학회 권고 목표치를 기준으로-
State of Diabetes Care in Korean Adults -According to the American Diabetes Association Recommendations-
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연구배경: 만성 혈관 합병증은 당뇨병 환자의 이환률과 사망률을 증가시키는 주된 이유가 되며, 이의 감소를 위해서는 엄격한 혈당의 조절 및 고혈압, 고지혈증 등의 동반된 위험인자 관리가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 국민건강영양조사 자료를 토대로 한국인 성인의 당뇨병 관리 실태를 평가하고, 혈당 조절에 관여하는 인자들을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 2001년 국민건강영양조사 중 건강면접조사와 건강검진조사에 모두 참여한 20세 이상의 인구 6,601명을 대상으로 하여 당뇨 인지군을 확인하고, 이들을 대상으로 미국당뇨병학회 권고치(recommendations)에 따른 당뇨병 조절정도를 분석하였다. 면접조사에서 사회경제적 특성과 건강상태를 파악하고, 자기기입식 설문지로 건강관련 생활습관을 평가하였다. 식이섭취는 24시간 회상법을 사용하였다. 혈압과 체위를 측정하고 공복혈로 혈당, 당화혈색소, 콜레스테롤을 측정하였다. 결과: 의사에 의해 당뇨병 진단을 받은 기왕력이 있는 대상자는 남자 125명, 여자 146명, 총 271명이었다. 공복 혈당(130 mg/dl 이하), 당화혈색소(7% 미만), 혈압(130/80 mmHg 미만), 저밀도 콜레스테롤(100 mg/dl 미만), 중성지방(200 mg/dl 미만), 고밀도 콜레스테롤(남자 45 mg/dl 초과, 여자 55 mg/dl 초과)의 권고 목표치로 유지되는 비율은 각각 57.2%, 19.9%, 24.4%, 27.8%, 64.5%, 20.7%로 낮았다. 남성의 경우 체질량지수와 흡연, 여성에서는 연령과 당뇨 유병기간이 당화혈색소와 관련된 요인으로 확인되었다. 결론: 국내 당뇨병의 관리 상태는 만족스럽지 못한 단계로, 치료 목표치의 향상을 위한 국가적 차원에서의 노력이 필요하며, 혈당의 조절에 관여하는 비만, 흡연 등의 동반된 위험요인 관리에 유의해야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Background: We assessed the state of diabetes control in Korean adults from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. Methods: A total of 271 adult diabetes patients (125 males, 146 females) were identified from the health interview survey. Diabetes control status was assessed by the American Diabetic Association (ADA) recommendations. Socioeconomic characteristics and the health status were assessed by an interview and the health- related behavior was assessed by self-questionnaire. A one-day 24-hour recall was used for the dietary assessment. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were done. Fasting blood was drawn for glucose, HbA1c, and lipids profile. Results: The proportions of patients reaching the recommended goals for fasting plasma glucose (≤130 mg/dl), HbA1c (<7%), blood pressure (<130/80 mmHg), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (<100 mg/dl), triglyceride (<200 mg/dl), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (>45 mg/dl for males, >55 mg/dl for females) were 57.2%, 19.9%, 24.4%, 27.8%, 64.5% and 20.7%, respectively. Body mass index, and smoking in males and age, and diabetes duration in females were associated with HbA1c level. Conclusion: This study shows that diabetes in Korean adult is not adequately controlled. National effort is needed to achieve the recommended treatment goals and to manage modifiable risk factors such as obesity and smoking.
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