폐경 전 여성에서 식사습관과 대사증후군 구성요소와의 관련성
Relations between the Dietary Habits and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Premenopausal Women
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연구배경: 최근 대사증후군의 유병률이 급속히 증가하고 있으며 생활습관이 대사증후군과 밀접하다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국의 폐경 전 여성에서 생활습관 중의 하나인 식사습관과 대사증후군 구성요소와의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 일개 대학병원 건강증진센터를 방문한 여성 중에서 고혈압, 당뇨, 고지혈증으로 진단받거나 치료 약물 복용 중인 경우를 제외하고, 현재 흡연을 하지 않는 20세 이상, 50세 미만의 폐경 전 여성을 연구대상으로 하였다. 식사습관과 주요식품에 대한 섭취빈도는 자체적으로 개발한 식습관 설문지를 이용하여 평가하였고 생활습관과 신체계측치, 대사증후군 구성요소를 조사하였다. 결과: 대사증후군 위험인자를 1개 이상 가지는 대상자는 전체 1,005명 중 361명(36%)이었고 그 중 대사증후군 정의를 만족시키는 경우는 35명(3.5%)이었다. 연령, 비만도, 흡연 및 음주, 운동 습관으로 보정한 다변량 로짓회귀분석 및 경향성 분석 결과 복부비만은 불규칙적인 식사를 할수록(P=0.049), 끼니를 자주 거르는 경우(P=0.050), 식사속도가 빠를수록(P=0.017), 포화지방 식품을 자주 섭취할수록(P=0.043) 위험도가 높았다. 또한 복부비만에 대한 교차비(95% 신뢰구간)는 과식이나 폭식이 주 1회 미만인 군에 비해 주 3회 이상인 군에서 2.49 (1.07∼5.80), 과일 섭취가 주 6∼7회인 군에 비하여 주 1회 미만인 군에서 4.46 (1.20∼16.54)이었다. 높은 혈압에 대한 교차비는 아침식사를 주 6∼7회로 하는 군에 비하여 주 1∼2회 이하로 하는 군에서 1.91 (1.07∼3.42)였다. 공복혈당장애는 아침식사를 거를수록 위험도가 높았고(P=0.018), 아침식사가 주 6∼7회인 군에 비해 주 1회 미만으로 하는 경우 교차비가 2.27 (1.20∼4.28)이었다. 대사증후군과 유의한 관련성을 보이는 식사습관 요소는 없었다. 결론: 대사증후군 구성요소들과 식사습관은 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 식사습관 중에서 불규칙적인 식사, 아침식사를 결식하는 경우, 끼니를 거르는 경우, 식사속도가 빠른 경우, 과식 및 폭식하는 경우, 과일 섭취가 부족하거나 포화지방식품 섭취가 잦은 경우 대사증후군 구성요소의 위험도가 높았다.
Abstract
Background: In these days the metabolic syndrome threatens many people of Korea. Several studies have suggested that the dietary habits are associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to find out relations between the components of the metabolic syndrome and the dietary habits. Methods: The subjects of this study included 1,005 non- smoking premenopausal females aged from 20 to 49 years old who visited the health promotion center of a university hospital. Dietary questionnaire was composed of dietary habits and specific food intake frequency during the past 3 months. Results: The subjects who had more than one metabolic components were 361 (36%), and those who had the metabolic syndrome was 35 (3.5%). After multivariate logistic analysis adjusted with age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, and exercise, the abdominal obesity risk was significantly increased in those who had irregular meals (P for trend= 0.049), skip meals (P for trend=0.050), faster meal time (P=0.017), and intake of saturated fat more frequently (P=0.043). The abdominal obesity risk was significantly increased in those who overate or binged eating ≥3 times/week than <1 time/week {OR (95% CI), 2.49 (1.07∼5.80)}, intake fruit <1 time/week than 6∼7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 4.46 (1.20∼16.54)}. A risk for high blood pressure was significantly increased in those who had breakfast 1∼2 times/week than those had it 6∼7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 1.91 (1.07∼3.42)}. The risk for impaired fasting glucose was significantly increased in those had breakfast <1 time/week than those who had 6∼7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 2.27 (1.20∼4.28), P for trend=0.018}. Conclusion: There was a correlation between dietary habits and metabolic syndrome components. Among the dietary habits, irregular meals, skipping breakfast, skipping meals, fast meal time, overeating or binge eating tendency, low intake of fruits and high intake of saturated fat were associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome components.
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