韓儒趙翼的修養論與倫理觀

Abstract

Korean Confucianist Zhao Yi (puzhu, 1579-1655) is one of the most famous Korean times Confucianist in the 17th century. Zhaoyi is also one of the pioneer Korean Confucianists in the Korean Confucianism. This paper aims to study his theory of self-cultivation and ethic perspective. Zhaoyi regards jujing, chengyi and qurenyu, quantianli as the key points of self-cultivation, which are inter-connected in nature. Besides those, he also puts forward a number of ways of cultivating one's character, such as caocun, chijing, chishou, caoshou, shoulian, zhengqiyansu and neiyiwaiqi etc. and according to him, all those factors can be classified into one key factor named jing. Chengyi is emphasized in his theory. Zhaoyi uses such terms as weishanqu'e, wuziqi to demonstrate self-cultivation.Whereas his qurenyu quantianli somewhat follows the cuntianli erenyu idea of precedent Confucianists. His idea of xiuji is not jujingqiongli or gezhichengzheng, but a theory focuses on jujing and chengzheng, and this characteristic makes his theory contains some element of yangming. Zhaoyi uses dao and li to demonstrate his tianli-based ethic idea, and he takes it for granted that people should practice it with no doubt. Zhaoyi defines the procedures of treating others and to what extent as his idea of li, and all those items can also be concluded as dao according to him. He uses dao and li as one principle, and so the two items contain the ethic meaning of what is natural and normal. He pays great attention to shizhongxing of ethic. Zhaoyi lays emphasize on mind, which is the key point of xiuji theory. He holds the idea that all the pioneer sages studied for cultivating their peaceful mind, and their inner intention was to remove the shield of personal desires. As one's mind or heart gets balanced, he feels everything peaceful, so one should play great emphasize on cultivating one's mind. Zhaoyi defines mind as something alive that can both think and feel, and he tries to analyze the term "mind" from the perspective that the sense of feeling is born kind. This "sense of feeling is born kind" idea is an interpretation which contains some element of yangming, and it is also a characteristic of zhaoyi philosophy. Zhaoyi thinks wulun is the sure result of tianli, and it is therefore immortal. He particularly lays emphasize on xiao and di, and also rulers'xinfa which is based on dao, li and gongyi. Removing personal desires and pursuing the justice of yili is the main point of doing research. The rulers fair and bright xinfa should be demonstrated through political and administrative systems. In the end, zhaoyi puts forward his idea that the purpose of being authority is not for food or personal property, but for making his dao come true. The reason why there exists ruling is that there exist the public. He therefore promotes his theory of loving the people, protecting the people, relieving the people and benefiting for the people. He concludes all his public ethic ideas as ren. Zhaoyi's ethic theory doesn't go beyond the traditional sphere of Confucianism. He pays great attention to mind, which is focused on cultivating one's own character, and his study is characterized by chengyi and jujing. The identification and distinguish ofthe terms xinglixue or yangmingxue, which has some element of xinxue, are worth studying in the future research.