역경철학중 占관념의 변화연구

Abstract

This paper explores how the thoughts of divination(占筮, zhanshi) and good fortune and misfortune(吉凶, jixiong) had been changed in the Yijing(易經) philosophy, how philosophical transition to deviation away from fatalism in the Yizhuan(易傳) had been performed, and what implications can be drawn from these processes. In other words, this paper studies how humans had been able to deviate from fatalism and establish the concept on good fortune and misfortune based on their autonomous judgement by exploring the changing processes of the ideas on divination between the Yijing as a book of divination and the Yizhuan as a book of philosophy. First, the concept on divination during the Yin(殷) and Zhou(周) period shows their cultural characteristic that divined all the time (每事必卜, meishi bibu). However, later, the idea on divination in the Chunqiu(春秋) period shows philosophical characteristic that doubted divination to ask good fortune and misfortune and offers new approach to divination. Philosophical thought on divination had appeared in the Chunqiu period, instead of unconditional trust in it. This was reflected in the Yizhuan and the standards of good fortune and misfortune were converted to changes and movement of nature, morality for humans, and etc. In conclusion, the thoughts of divination and good fortune and misfortune in the Yijing philosophy never lead a person into fatalism. On the contrary, it guides us how to be independent from ming(命), namely the limitation of ming, and offers a way to realize oneself as an autonomous person.