BBNJ 협약에서의 인류공동유산 원칙 적용에 관한 소고
A Study on the Application of the Principle of Common Heritage of Mankind in BBNJ Convention
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이 논문에서는 UN해양법협약 상 인류공동유산 원칙의 법적 성질을 살펴보고, UN해양법협약에 기초한 BBNJ(국가관할권 이원지역에서의 생물다양성) 협약 개정 초안에서 국가관할권 이원지역의 해양 유전자원에 인류공동유산 원칙을 적용한다는 것이 어떠한 문제를 내포하는지를 논리 해석적으로 검토하였다. 먼저 2장에서는 UN해양법협약에서 인류공동유산 원칙의 의미와, 이 원칙을 구성하는 세부 요소를 알아보겠다. 이를 토대로 인류공동유산 원칙의 강행규범성을 주장하는 근거와 그 한계점을 짚어보도록 하겠다. 3장에서는 국가관할권 이원지역에서의 생물다양성 규율 공백을 메우기 위해 진행되고 있는 BBNJ 협약 논의의 배경을 살펴보고, 여기서 인류공동유산 원칙 적용이 제시되고 있음을 확인하겠다. 4장에서는 현재까지 정부 간 회의에서 도출된 BBNJ 협약 개정 초안의 내용을 UN해양법협약과 비교·분석하여, BBNJ에서 차용하고 있는 인류공동유산의 원칙이 UN해양법협약에서의 용례와 논리적으로 부정합하다는 점과 그 문제의 중대성을 역설하겠다. 결론에서는 BBNJ에 적용될 규율 원칙의 명확화를 위하여, 인류공동유산 원칙의 강행규범성 및 유추적용에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다는 점과, 이에 따라 BBNJ의 규율 원칙이 재차 논의되어야 함을 제언하겠다.
Abstract
This paper examines the legal nature of the Principle of Common Heritage of Mankind under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and highlights the problem which may occur during the application of the Principle of Common Heritage of Mankind to the marine genetic resources in the area beyond national jurisdiction, based on logical interpretation. First of all, Chapter 2 examines the meaning of the Principle of Common Heritage of Mankind and the detailed elements that make up this Principle in the UNCLOS, and points out the grounds for asserting the peremptory nature of the Principles of Common Heritage of Mankind and its limitations. Chapter 3 confirms the background of the BBNJ discussion, which is underway to fill the gap of biodiversity discipline in the area beyond national jurisdiction, and shows that the application of the Principle of Common Heritage of Mankind is being proposed there. Chapter 4 compares and analyzes the articles which is related with the Principle of Common Heritage of Mankind between the revised draft of the BBNJ and UNCLOS, emphasizes that the principle in the BBNJ are logically inconsistent with the that appeared in UNCLOS. In conclusion, suggests that further research about peremptory nature and analogy of the Principles of Common Heritage of Mankind is needed to clarify the discipline principle to be applied to the BBNJ, and that the discipline principle of the BBNJ should be presented again accordingly.
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