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극소 저체중 출생아에서 경피적 산소포화도의 적정 범위

The Optimal Pulse Oxygen Saturation in Very Low Birth Weight or Very Preterm Infants

강혜진|김민정|장미영|유선영
대한신생아학회 (THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF NEONATOLOGY)|2011.11|Neonatal medicine|제18권 제2호|pp. 320-327

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키워드

MortalityPractice guidelineMorbidityPremature infantOxygenOximetryBlood gas analysis

초록

목적: 조산아는 산화 방지 시스템이 미성숙하여 과산소증 및저산소증에 노출되면 이차적으로 중추 신경계, 호흡계, 혈액계등 다른 체내 기관에 손상이 올 수 있다. 저자들은 1,500 g 미만또는 32주 미만의 조산아에서 동맥혈 산소 분압을 50-70mmHg근처로 유지하기 위하여 경피적 산소 포화도를 90-94%로 유지하여 과산소증 및 저산소증을 회피하는 전략 하에 치료하였던 군(T)과 고식적인 경피적 산소 포화도 감시를 하였던 군(C)에서 사망률, 입원 기간 및 이환율에 대해 비교하였다. 방법: 충남대학교병원 신생아 집중치료실에 입원하였던 신생아 중 1,500 g 미만 또는 32주 미만의 조산아를 대상으로 하였다. 2008년 8월부터 2010년 7월까지 경피적 산소포화도를 90-94%으로 유지하였던 조산아들을 T군으로 하였고 2007년 1월에서 2008년 8월까지 경피적 산소 포화도 감시의 지침 없이 고식적인 관리를 하였던 조산아들을 C군으로 하였다. 양 군 간에입원 중 사망률, 입원기간, 만성폐질환으로 이행 및 치료 여부,괴사성 장염, 미숙아 망막증, 뇌실 내 출혈, 동맥관 개존증 등을후향적으로 비교하였다. 결과: 양 군의 기본 특징은 성별 외에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 사망률은 T군에서 C 군 보다 적은 경향은 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(5.3% vs. 16.7%, P=0.127). 두 군간에 입원기간, 만성폐질환, 산소 사용 기간과 괴사성 장염의 빈도는 차이가 없었다. ICROP 제 3기 이상의 중증 미숙아 망막증은 T군이 C군 보다 적은 경향을 보였으며(2.6% vs. 10%, P=0.203), 뇌실 내 출혈의 발생 빈도는 T군에서 C군 보다 낮은 경향을 보였다(18.4%vs. 40.0%, P=0.051). 치료가 필요하였던 동맥관 개존증의 빈도는 양 군에서 차이가 없었다. 결론: 극소 저체중 출생아 또는 극소 조산아에서 경피적 산소포화도를 90-94%으로 유지하는 전략은 과산소증 및 잠재적인저산소증에의 노출을 최소화함으로서 합병증의 증가 없이 단기적 예후 개선에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the effect of changing practice guidelines designed to avoid hyperoxia or hypoxia in very low birth weight or very preterm infants. Methods: We analyzed a database of <1,500 g birth weight or <32 weeks of gestation infants who were born and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Chungnam National University Hospital from January 2007 to July 2010. First, we defined the relationship between arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO_2) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO_2). When we evaluated 96 pairs of PaO_2 and SpO_2 measurements, oxygen saturation was 90-94% at a PaO_2 of 43-79 mmHg on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, according to pulse oximetry. Based on this observation, a change in practice was instituted in August 2008 with the objective of avoiding hypoxia and hyperoxia in preterm infants with targeting a SpO_2 90-94% (period II). Before the change in practice, high alarms for SpO_2 were set at 100% and low alarms at 95% (period I). Results: Sixty-eight infants the met enrollment criteria and 38 (56%) were born during period II, after the change in SpO_2 targets. Demographic characteristics, except gender, were similar between the infants born in both periods. After correcting for the effect of confounding factors, the rates for mortality, severe retinopathy of prematurity, and IVH attended to be lower than those for infants in period II. No difference in the rate of patent ductus arteriosus needed to treat was observed. Conclusion: A change in the practice guidelines aimed at avoiding low oxygen saturation and hyperoxia did not increase neonatal complication rates and showed promising results, suggesting decreased mortality and improvements in short term morbidity. It is still unclear what range of oxygen saturation is appropriate for very preterm infants but the more careful saturation targeting guideline should be considered to prevent hypoxemic events and hyperoxia.

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