신생아 로타바이러스 감염
Neonatal Rotavirus Infection
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초록
로타바이러스(Rotavirus)는 전 세계적으로 영아와 어린 소아에서 중증 장염의 가장 흔한 원인이며, 또한 원내감염의 흔한 원인 가운데 하나이다. 2006년에 미국과 영국의 제약사가 개발하여 생후 6주부터 접종하는 로타바이러스 백신의안정성과 효용성이 입증되어 전세계적으로 사용되고 있고, 국내에는 2007년부터 도입되어 사용 중이며, 2009년에는WHO에서 전세계 국가의 소아들에게 로타바이러스 백신 접종을 적극 권고함으로써 우리나라를 포함한 백신 사용 국가에서의 소아 로타바이러스 장염 빈도는 감소되고 있다. 하지만, 신생아에서는 접종 대상이 아니므로 이들 백신의 효과를 기대할 수 없고, 소아에서 발견되는 로타바이러스 균주(strain)와는 전혀 다른 "신생아형 균주"는 대부분 무증상 감염을 일으키지만, 때로는 중증의 설사와 탈수, 대사성산증, 괴사성장염, 심하면 사망에까지 이르게 할 뿐만 아니라, 신생아실과 신생아중환자실에서 심각한 원내감염과 유행을 일으킨다. 이에 신생아 로타바이러스 감염에 대한 저자의 연구를 포함한 국내외 논문들을 검토하여 신생아 로타바이러스 감염의 특징을 알아보고 그 예방책을 강구하고자 한다.
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis and one of the most common causes of hospital infections in infants and young children worldwide. RV vaccines, administered first at 6 weeks of age, have been developed by 2 pharmaceutical companies in the United States and United Kingdom. They were approved for safety and efficacy in 2006 and were recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be included in all national immunization programs in 2009. Since then, the incidence of RV infections has been decreasing. However, RV vaccines are not indicated for newborns, and therefore, the vaccines cannot be used to protect newborns from RV infections. Neonatal RV strains are different from those in other age groups. Although neonatal RV strains primarily cause asymptomatic infections, they can also lead to serious complications such as severe diarrhea, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and even death. Additionally, they can cause serious outbreaks in newborn nurseries, neonatal intensive care units, and postpartum care facilities. I reviewed the literature, including our own study, on neonatal RV infections to determine the characteristics of neonatal RV infection and its prevention in newborns.
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