Korean-English bilingual children's production of stop contrasts
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Korean (L1)-English (L2) bilingual adults’ and children’s production of Korean and English stops was examined to determine the age effects and L2 experience on the development of L1 and L2 stop contrasts. Four groups of Seoul Korean speakers (experienced and inexperienced adult and child groups) and two groups of age-matched native English speakers participated. The overall results of voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) of phrase-initial stops in Korean and word-intial stops in English showed a delay in the acquisition of L1 due to the dominant exposure to L2. Significantly longer VOT and lower F0 for aspirated stops as well as high temporal variability across repetitions of lenis stops were interpreted to indicate a strong effect of English on Korean stop contrasts for bilingual children. That is, the heavy use of VOT for Korean stop contrasts shows bilingual children’s attention to the acoustic cue that are primarily employed in the dominant L2. Furthermore, inexperienced children, but not adults, were shown to create new L2 categories that are distinctive from the L1 within 6 months of L2 experience, suggesting greater independence between the two phonological systems. The implications of bilinguals’ age at the time of testing to the degree and direction of L1-L2 interaction are further discussed.
Abstract
Korean (L1)-English (L2) bilingual adults’ and children’s production of Korean and English stops was examined to determine the age effects and L2 experience on the development of L1 and L2 stop contrasts. Four groups of Seoul Korean speakers (experienced and inexperienced adult and child groups) and two groups of age-matched native English speakers participated. The overall results of voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) of phrase-initial stops in Korean and word-intial stops in English showed a delay in the acquisition of L1 due to the dominant exposure to L2. Significantly longer VOT and lower F0 for aspirated stops as well as high temporal variability across repetitions of lenis stops were interpreted to indicate a strong effect of English on Korean stop contrasts for bilingual children. That is, the heavy use of VOT for Korean stop contrasts shows bilingual children’s attention to the acoustic cue that are primarily employed in the dominant L2. Furthermore, inexperienced children, but not adults, were shown to create new L2 categories that are distinctive from the L1 within 6 months of L2 experience, suggesting greater independence between the two phonological systems. The implications of bilinguals’ age at the time of testing to the degree and direction of L1-L2 interaction are further discussed.
참고문헌 (26)
- Cho, T., "Acoustic and aerodynamic correlates of Korean stops and fricatives", Journal of Phonetics, 30(2), pp.193~228 (2002)
- Choi, Y., "Development of speech perception in Korean infants: Discriminating unusual sound contrasts with diachronic change", Proceedings of the 2nd Hanyang International Symposium on Phonetics and Cognitive Sciences of Language, pp.35~36 (2019)
- Davis, K., "Phonetic and phonological contrasts in the acquisition of voicing : Voice onset time production in Hindi and English", Journal of Child Language, 22(2), pp.275~305 (1995)
- Deuchar, M., "Early bilingual acquisition of the voicing contrast in English and Spanish", Journal of Phonetics, 24(3), pp.351~365 (1996)
- Flege, J., "Speech Perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research", pp.233~277 (1995), York Press
- Flege, J., "An integrated view of language development: Papers in honor of Henning Wode", pp.217~244 (2002), Wissenschaftlicher Verlag
- Flege, J., "Phonetics and phonology in language comprehension and production, differences and similarities", pp.319~355 (2003), Mouton de Gruyter
- Flege, J., "Imitation of a VOT continuum by native speakers of English and Spanish : Evidence for phonetic category formation", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 83(2), pp.729~740 (1988)
- Flege, J., "Interaction between the native and second language phonetic subsystems", Speech Communication, 40(4), pp.467~491 (2003)
- Johnson, C. E., "Phonetic evidence for early language differentiation : Research issues and some preliminary data", The International Journal of Bilingualism, 6(3), pp.271~289 (2002)
- Jun, S. A., "Phonological development of Korean: A case study", UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics, 105, pp.51~65 (2007)
- Kang, K. H., "Phonological systems in bilinguals : Age of learning effects on the stop consonant systems of Korean-English bilinguals", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 119(3), pp.1672~1683 (2006)
- Kang, K. H., "Clear speech production of Korean stops : Changing phonetic targets and enhancement strategies", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 124(6), pp.3909~3917 (2008)
- Kang, Y., "VOT merger in Heritage Korean in Toronto", Proceedings of the 2012 Annual Conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association (2012)
- Keating, P. A., "Phonetic and phonological representation of stop consonant voicing", Language, 60(2), pp.286~319 (1984)
- Kehoe, M., "Developing vowel systems as a window to bilingual phonology", The International Journal of Bilingualism, 6(3), pp.315~334 (2002)
- Kim, M., "The acquisition of Korean word-initial stops", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 125(6), pp.3950~3961 (2009)
- Ko, E. S., "Mothers would rather speak clearly than spread innovation: The case of Korean VOT", Proceedings of the 1st Hanyang International Symposium on Phonetics and Cognitive Sciences of Language, pp.31~32 (2018)
- Kong, E., "The role of acoustic properties in predicting the mastery patterns of Korean laryngeal contrast", Journal of Phonetics, 39, pp.196~211 (2011)
- Lee, S. A., "Stop consonant productions of Korean-English bilingual children", Bilingualism : Language and Cognition, 15(2), pp.275~287 (2012)
- Lisker, L., "A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops : Acoustical measurements", Word, 20(3), pp.384~422 (1964)
- Macken, M. A., "The acquisition of the voicing contrast in Spanish : A phonetic and phonological study of wordinitial stop consonants", Journal of Child Language, 7(3), pp.433~458 (1980)
- Silva, D. J., "Acoustic evidence for the emergence of tonal contrast in contemporary Korean", Phonology, 23(2), pp.287~308 (2006)
- Stoehr, A., "Bilingual preschoolers’ speech is associated with non-native maternal language input", Language Learning and Development, 15(1), pp.75~100 (2019)
- Sundara, M., "Development of coronal stop perception : Bilingual infants keep pace with their monolingual peers", Cognition, 108(1), pp.232~242 (2008)
- Westbury, J. R., "On the naturalness of stop consonant voicing", Journal of Linguistics, 22(1), pp.145~146 (1986)