Korean speakers hyperarticulate vowels in polite speech
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
In line with recent attention to the multimodal expression of politeness, the present study examined the association between polite speech and acoustic features through the analysis of vowels produced in casual and polite speech contexts in Korean. Fourteen adult native speakers of Seoul Korean produced the utterances in two social conditions to elicit polite (professor) and casual (friend) speech. Vowel duration and the first (F1) and second formants (F2) of seven sentence- and phrase-initial monophthongs were measured. The results showed that polite speech shares acoustic similarities with vowel production in clear speech: speakers showed greater vowel space expansion in polite than casual speech in an effort to enhance perceptual intelligibility. Especially, female speakers hyperarticulated (front) vowels for polite speech, independent of speech rate. The implications for the acoustic encoding of social stance in polite speech are further discussed.
Abstract
In line with recent attention to the multimodal expression of politeness, the present study examined the association between polite speech and acoustic features through the analysis of vowels produced in casual and polite speech contexts in Korean. Fourteen adult native speakers of Seoul Korean produced the utterances in two social conditions to elicit polite (professor) and casual (friend) speech. Vowel duration and the first (F1) and second formants (F2) of seven sentence- and phrase-initial monophthongs were measured. The results showed that polite speech shares acoustic similarities with vowel production in clear speech: speakers showed greater vowel space expansion in polite than casual speech in an effort to enhance perceptual intelligibility. Especially, female speakers hyperarticulated (front) vowels for polite speech, independent of speech rate. The implications for the acoustic encoding of social stance in polite speech are further discussed.
참고문헌 (47)
- Bradlow, A. R., "Laboratory phonology 7", pp.241~273 (2002), de Gruyter Mouton
- Bradlow, A. R., "Speaking clearly for children with learning disabilities: Sentence perception in noise", Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 46(1), pp.80~97 (2003)
- Bradlow, A. R., "Intelligibility of normal speech I : Global and fine-grained acoustic-phonetic talker characteristics", Speech Communication, 20(3-4), pp.255~272 (1996)
- Brown, G., "Teaching talk" (1984), Cambridge University Press
- Brown, L., "Phonetics and politeness: Perceiving Korean honorific and non-honorific speech through phonetic cues", Journal of Pragmatics, 66, pp.45~60 (2014)
- Bürkner, P. C., "brms: An R package for Bayesian multilevel models using Stan", Journal of Statistical Software, 80(1), pp.1~28 (2017)
- Byon, A., "The role of linguistic indirectness and honorifics in achieving linguistic politeness in Korean requests", Journal of Politeness Research-Language Behaviour Culture, 2(2), pp.247~276 (2006)
- Campbell, N., "Voice quality: The 4th prosodic dimension", Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, pp.2417~2420 (2003)
- Chen, A., "Languagespecificity in the perception of paralinguistic intonational meaning", Language and Speech, 47(4), pp.311~349 (2004)
- Culpeper, J., "Impoliteness revisited: With special reference to dynamic and prosodic aspects", Journal of Pragmatics, 35(10-11), pp.1545~1579 (2003)
- de Jong, K., "The interplay between prosodic structure and coarticulation", Language and Speech, 36(2-3), pp.197~212 (1993)
- Diehl, R. L., "On explaining certain male-female differences in the phonetic real-ization of vowel categories", Journal of Phonetics, 24(2), pp.187~208 (1996)
- Fan, P., "Prosodic cues in polite and rude mandarin speech", Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing (ISCSLP) (2016)
- Ferguson, S. H., "Talker differences in clear and conversational speech: Vowel intelligibility for older adults with hearing loss", Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 55(3), pp.779~790 (2012)
- Ferguson, S. H., "Vowel intelligibility in clear and conversational speech for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 112, pp.259~271 (2002)
- Ferguson, S. H., "Talker differences in clear and conversational speech: Acoustic characteristics of vowels", Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50(5), pp.1241~1255 (2007)
- Gordon, M., "Sex, sound symbolism, and sociolinguistics", Current Anthropology, 39(4), pp.421~449 (1998)
- Grawunder, S., "Politeness, culture, and speaking task – paralinguistic prosodic behavior of speakers from Austria and Germany", Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Prosody (2014)
- Gussenhoven, C., "Intonation and interpretation:Phonetics and phonology", Proceedings of the Speech Prosody 2002, pp.47~57 (2002)
- Gussenhoven, C., "The phonology of tone and intonation" (2004), Cambridge University Press
- Gussenhoven, C., "Foundations of intonational meaning : Anatomical and physiological factors", Topics in Cognitive Science, 8(2), pp.425~434 (2016)
- Henton, C., "Pitch dynamism in female and male speech", Language & Communication, 15(1), pp.43~61 (1995)
- Hübscher, I., "Three-year-olds infer polite stance from intonation and facial cues", Journal of Politeness Research, 16, pp.85~110 (2019)
- Idemaru, K., "Cross-cultural multimodal politeness : The phonetics of Japanese polite speech in comparison to Korean", Intercultural Pragmatics, 16(5), pp.517~555 (2019)
- Idemaru, K., "Loudness trumps pitch in politeness judgments : Evidence from Korean polite speech", Language and Speech, 63(1), pp.123~148 (2020)
- Lancien, M., "The part of phonetic reduction in the expression of social distance", Poster presentation, ~ (2019)
- Lam, J., "Intelligibility of clear speech: Effect of instruction", Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 56(5), pp.1429~1440 (2013)
- Lee, I., "The Korean language" (2000), SUNY Press
- Lin, H. Y., "An acoustic study on the paralinguistic prosody in the politeness talk in Taiwan mandarin", Proceedings of the ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics (2006)
- Nadeu, M., "Pitch range, gestural information, and perceived politeness in Catalan", Journal of Pragmatics, 43(3), pp.841~854 (2011)
- Navarro, A. H., "On the importance of the prosodic component in the expression of linguistic im", politeness, 2014, pp.10(1), 5~27
- Ofuka, E., "Prosodic cues for rated politeness in Japanese speech", Speech Communication, 32(3), pp.199~217 (2000)
- Ohala, J. J., "An ethological perspective on common cross-language utilization of F0 of voice", Phonetica, 41(1), pp.1~16 (1984)
- Pettinato, M., "Vowel space area in later childhood and adolescence : Effects of age, sex and ease of communication", Journal of Phonetics, 54, pp.1~14 (2016)
- Picheny, M. A., "Speaking clearly for the hard of hearing I: Intelligibility differences between clear and conversational speech", Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 28(1), pp.96~103 (1985)
- Picheny, M. A., "Speaking clearly for the hard of hearing II: Acoustic characteristics of clear and conversational speech", Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 29(4), pp.434~446 (1986)
- (2019)[URL]
- Scherer, K. R., "Vocal affect expression : A review and a model for future research", Psychological Bulletin, 99(2), pp.143~165 (1986)
- Shin, S., "Grammaticalization of politeness: A contrastive study of German, English and Korean", Doctoral, pp.2005
- Simpson, A. P., "Phonetic differences between male and female speech", Language and Linguistics Compass, 3(2), pp.621~640 (2009)
- Smiljanić, R., "Production and perception of clear speech in Croatian and English", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118(3), pp.1677~1688 (2005)
- Sohn, H. M., "The Korean language" (1999), Cambridge University Press
- Tatham, M., "Expression in speech: Analysis and synthesis" (2004), Oxford University Press
- "Effsize - A package for efficient effect size computation" (2019)[URL]
- Wickham, H., "Welcome to the Tidyverse", Journal of Open Source Software, 4(43), pp.1686~ (2019)
- Winter, B., "The phonetic profile of Korean formal and informal speech", Journal of Phonetics, 40(6), pp.808~815 (2012)
- Yang, B., "A comparative study of American English and Korean vowels produced by male and female speakers", Journal of Phonetics, 24(2), pp.245~261 (1996)