영어 동시발화의 자동 억양궤적 추출을 통한 음향 분석
An acoustical analysis of synchronous English speech using automatic intonation contour extraction
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초록
This research mainly focuses on intonational characteristics of synchronous English speech. Intonation contours wereextracted from 1,848 utterances produced in two different speaking modes (solo vs. synchronous) by 28 (12 women and 16men) native speakers of English. Synchronous speech is found to be slower than solo speech. Women are found to speakslower than men. The effect size of speech rate caused by different speaking modes is greater than gender differences. However, there is no interaction between the two factors (speaking modes vs. gender differences) in terms of speech rate. Analysis of pitch point features has it that synchronous speech has smaller Pt (pitch point movement time), Pr (pitch pointpitch range), Ps (pitch point slope) and Pd (pitch point distance) than solo speech. There is no interaction between the twofactors (speaking modes vs. gender differences) in terms of pitch point features. Analysis of sentence level features revealsthat synchronous speech has smaller Sr (sentence level pitch range), Ss (sentence slope), MaxNr (normalized maximum pitch)and MinNr (normalized minimum pitch) but greater Min (minimum pitch) and Sd (sentence duration) than solo speech. It isalso shown that the higher the Mid (median pitch), the MaxNr and the MinNr in solo speaking mode, the more they arereduced in synchronous speaking mode. Max, Min and Mid show greater speaker discriminability than other features.
Abstract
This research mainly focuses on intonational characteristics of synchronous English speech. Intonation contours wereextracted from 1,848 utterances produced in two different speaking modes (solo vs. synchronous) by 28 (12 women and 16men) native speakers of English. Synchronous speech is found to be slower than solo speech. Women are found to speakslower than men. The effect size of speech rate caused by different speaking modes is greater than gender differences. However, there is no interaction between the two factors (speaking modes vs. gender differences) in terms of speech rate. Analysis of pitch point features has it that synchronous speech has smaller Pt (pitch point movement time), Pr (pitch pointpitch range), Ps (pitch point slope) and Pd (pitch point distance) than solo speech. There is no interaction between the twofactors (speaking modes vs. gender differences) in terms of pitch point features. Analysis of sentence level features revealsthat synchronous speech has smaller Sr (sentence level pitch range), Ss (sentence slope), MaxNr (normalized maximum pitch)and MinNr (normalized minimum pitch) but greater Min (minimum pitch) and Sd (sentence duration) than solo speech. It isalso shown that the higher the Mid (median pitch), the MaxNr and the MinNr in solo speaking mode, the more they arereduced in synchronous speaking mode. Max, Min and Mid show greater speaker discriminability than other features.
참고문헌 (20)
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