극소저체중 출생아에서 메티실린 내성 포도상구균으로 인한 카테터 연관 혈류감염의 위험인자
Risk Factors of Catheter-related Bloodstream Infection Due to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
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목적: 소아와 신생아에서의 MRSA 감염의 발병률은 증가되었고, 특히 극소저체중 출생아에서 중심정맥카테터의 빈번한 사용과 연관되었다. 이번 연구는 NICU에 입원한 극소저체중 출생아를 대상으로 MRSA로 인한 CRBSI의 임상적 특징을 조사하고, CRBSI로 인해 사망한 환자와 생존한 그룹 간의 차이를 분석하여, 사망과 관련된 위험인자를 예측해보고자 하였다. 방법: 34명의 극소저체중 출생아는 실험실적으로 확인된 S. aureus 의 혈류감염을 보였고 카테터 연관 혈류감염의 발병률, 사망률, 유병률 그리고 사망률과 연관된 예측인자를 조사하였다. 결과: 26명의 환아는 혈액과 카테터 tip에서 같은 병원균(24 MRSA, 2 MSSA)을 보였다. 8명(25.8%)은 CRBSI로 사망하였고 모두 MRSA 혈액 감염을 보였다. MRSA로 인한 CRBSI으로부터 생존한 그룹과 사망한 환자 간에 성비, 재태연령, 병원균 확인과 혈액채취의 기간, 백혈구, 혈소판 수는 분명한 차이를 보이지 않았다. CRP는 사망한 환자에서 분명히 증가되었다. 사망한 환자에서 발현 나이의 평균값은 빠르고(9.1±6.6 vs. 26.9±20.2; P= 0.005) 입원일수는 짧았다(10.1±7.0 vs. 73.0±32.4; P=0.000). 2명의 생존아는 하지에 화농성 관절염과 연부조직염의 합병증을 가졌다. 결론: 카테터 연관 혈류감염의 사망률은 극소저체중 출생아에서 높은 것으로 보이고 CRP와 질환의 조기발병에 의해 예측되었다.
Abstract
Purpose: The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has increased in children and in neonates,and is particularly associated with frequent use of central venous catheter in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. It is known that the morbidity and mortality of MRSA infection are low in neonates, as compared with adults. The objective of this study was to examine the difference in clinical characteristics between VLBW infants that survived and those that did not, a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) of MRSA. Methods: Thirty-four VLBW infants had laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection with S. aureus . We examined the incidence,mortality and morbidity of CRBSI, and predictive factors associated with mortality. Results: Twenty-six infants had same pathogen (24 MRSA, 2 Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus) in the blood and in the catheter tip. Eight infants (25.8%) died in the CRBSI and they all had MRSA blood infections. Sex ratio, gestational age, duration between blood collection and identification of pathogens, and WBC and platelet count were not significantly different between patients that died from and patients that survived CRBSI of MRSA. C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly higher in VLBW infants that died. Mean age of onset and hospital day was earlier (9.1±6.6 vs. 26.9±20.2; P=0.005) and shorter for patients that died (10.1±7.0 vs. 73.0±32.4; P=0.000). Two survivors had complications of pyogenic arthritis of the lower extremities and soft tissue infection, respectively. Conclusion: Mortality of CRBSI was likely to be high in VLBW infants and might be anticipated by CRP and early onset of disease.
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