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Effects of Somatostatin on the Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis in the Adult Mice

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Abstract

Somatostatin (SST) is a known neuromodulator of thecentral nervous system. The substantia gelatinosa (SG) ofthe trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) receives many thinmyelinatedAδ-fiber and unmyelinated C primary afferentfibers and is involved in nociceptive processing. Manystudies have demonstrated that SST plays a pivotal role inpain modulation in the spinal cord. However, little is yetknown about the direct effects of SST on the SG neurons ofthe Vc in adult mice. In our present study, we investigatedthe direct membrane effects of SST and a type 2 SSTreceptor agonist, seglitide (SEG), on the SG neurons of theVc using a gramicidin-perforated current clamp in adultmice. The majority (53%, n = 27/51) of the adult SG neuronswere hyperpolarized by SST (300 nM) but no differenceswere found in the hyperpolarization response rate betweenmales and females. When SST was applied successively, thesecond response was smaller (76 ± 9.5%, n = 19), suggestingthat SST receptors are desensitized by repeated application. SST-induced hyperpolarization was also maintained underconditions where presynaptic events were blocked (75 ±1.0%, n = 5), suggesting that this neuromodulator exertsdirect effects upon postsynaptic SG neurons. SEG wasfurther found to induce membrane hyperpolarization of theSG neurons of the Vc. These results collectively demonstratethat SST inhibits the SG neuronal activities of the Vc inadult mice with no gender bias, and that these effects aremediated via a type 2 SST receptor, suggesting that this is apotential target for orofacial pain modulation.

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