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효모균 Saccharomyces cerevisiae의 세포벽 분자 구조와 기능

The Molecular Structures and Function of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Wall

김성철|최상호|우준희|장미수
대한의진균학회 (The Korean Society for Medical Mycology)|2007.09|대한의진균학회지 (Journal of Mycology and Infection)|제12권 제3호|pp. 129-138

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키워드

Cell wallSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMolecular structuresProtein-polysaccharide
주제분류미생물학

초록

진균세포벽의 구조는 새로운 항진균제의 발전을 향한 매우 흥미로운 목표이다. 세포벽의 poly- mer syntheses, cell wall assembly enzyme, cell wall polymer들의 remodeling에 관여하는 효소와 같은 더 특이적인 표적을 좀더 가까운 시야에서 볼 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 효모균 외에 다른 진균 (fungus)에 대한 이 효소들의 세부적인 연구는 아직 시작에 불과하다. 무엇보다도 이 효소에 대한 생화학적 그리고 결정학적인 연구는 현재 알려진 방대한 분자유전학적 정보를 보충하기 위해서 시급히 필요하다.효모의 세포벽은 오랜 기간 동안 환경적인 변화에 의존하는 조성과 구조의 제한된 변화를 가지고 있는 상대적으로 정적인 구조로 알려져 있다. 그리고 세균처럼 세포벽의 구조가 매우 역동적인 과정이며 세포는 지속적으로 세포벽 구성과 세포표면에 있는 세포벽 단백질에 따라 변화되고 있는 환경에 새로운 형태의 세포벽에 적응하고 있다. 하지만, 조절되는 방법이나 기전에 대해서는 더 연구가 필요하다. 또한 동시에 많은 자극 상황에 직면하면, 세포가 어떻게 행동하는지에 대한 의문점도 있다. 이러한 조절기전보다 더 나은 이해는 인류의 이익을 위해 효모균과 다른 fungi를 더 효율적으로 이용할 수 있도록 도와줄 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

The main characteristics of molecular structures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall are now elucidated. The cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is composed of inner layer and outer layer and is the structure that plays an important role of providing physical and chemical protection and deciding the morphology of the cell. The inner layer of the cell wall is responsible for the mechanical strength of the wall and also providing the attachment sites for the proteins that form the outer layer of the cell wall. The outer protein layer limits the permeability of the cell wall, therefore, shields the plasma membrane from perturbation stimuli by foreign material such as enzymes and other chemicals. The molecular composition and organization of the cell wall may vary according to the environmental circumstances. The formation and genetic control of the specific cell wall protein-polysaccharide complexes is influenced by external conditions and stimuli. Cell wall construction is tightly controlled and strictly coordinated with progression of the cell cycle. This is reflected in the usage of specific cell wall proteins during consecutive phases of the cell cycle and in the recent discovery of a cell wall integrity checkpoint.

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