Constituents Released from Streptococcus mutans Attenuate Arecolinemediated Cytotoxicity in HGF Cells by Altering Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling
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Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a facultative anaerobicbacterium mainly found in the oral cavity and is known tocontribute to tooth decay and gingivitis. Recent studies onintestinal microbiota have revealed that microorganismsforming a biofilm play important roles in maintaining tissuehomeostasis through their own metabolism. However, thephysiological roles of oral microorganisms such as S. mutansare still unclear. In our current study, we identified thatconstituents released from S. mutans (CR) reduce arecolinemediatedcytotoxicity without producing toxic effectsthemselves. Arecoline, as a major alkaloid of areca nut, isknown to mediate cytotoxicity on oral epithelial cells andinduces a sustained intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) increase that iscytotoxic. The exposure of human gingival fibroblast (HGF)cells to CR not only inhibited the sustained [Ca2+]i increase butalso the initial [Ca2+]i elevation. In contrast, CR had no effectson the gene regulation mediated by arecoline. These resultsdemonstrate that S. mutans has physiological role in reducingcytotoxicity in HGF cells and may be considered a novelpharmaceutical candidate.
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a facultative anaerobicbacterium mainly found in the oral cavity and is known tocontribute to tooth decay and gingivitis. Recent studies onintestinal microbiota have revealed that microorganismsforming a biofilm play important roles in maintaining tissuehomeostasis through their own metabolism. However, thephysiological roles of oral microorganisms such as S. mutansare still unclear. In our current study, we identified thatconstituents released from S. mutans (CR) reduce arecolinemediatedcytotoxicity without producing toxic effectsthemselves. Arecoline, as a major alkaloid of areca nut, isknown to mediate cytotoxicity on oral epithelial cells andinduces a sustained intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) increase that iscytotoxic. The exposure of human gingival fibroblast (HGF)cells to CR not only inhibited the sustained [Ca2+]i increase butalso the initial [Ca2+]i elevation. In contrast, CR had no effectson the gene regulation mediated by arecoline. These resultsdemonstrate that S. mutans has physiological role in reducingcytotoxicity in HGF cells and may be considered a novelpharmaceutical candidate.
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