Immunoreactivity of PCNA in the Cerebellum of Developing Guinea Pig
5
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The investigation of the embryonic development of the cerebellum has a long history. The postnatal normal development of the cerebellum in rodents and other animals became a popular topic for morphological investigations nearly a century ago. However, surprisingly, only a few studies are available regarding the prenatal normal development of the rodent cerebellum, especially in guinea pigs. Cell proliferation is essential for the development of the nervous system. The assessment of cell proliferation can be achieved by using various methods. In this study, we investigated the cell proliferation of the cerebellar cortex in guinea pigs at different stages of pregnancy and in postnatal life. Fetuses were obtained by cesarean section at 50 or 60 days of gestation (dg). Immunohistochemistry was performed with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody in the cerebellum. Strong PCNA immunoreactivity was observed in the external granular layer (EGL), which is a neurogenic zone in the cerebellum. The proportion of PCNA-IR cells was greater at 1 week than at 60 dg in lobule I, but not lobule VIII. After 50 dg, the width of the EGL continued to decline until 1 week, due to the maturation of the EGL cells. These results demonstrate the pattern of PCNA immunoreactivity in the developing cerebellum of guinea pigs. This serves as a guideline to study abnormal cerebellum development.
Abstract
The investigation of the embryonic development of the cerebellum has a long history. The postnatal normal development of the cerebellum in rodents and other animals became a popular topic for morphological investigations nearly a century ago. However, surprisingly, only a few studies are available regarding the prenatal normal development of the rodent cerebellum, especially in guinea pigs. Cell proliferation is essential for the development of the nervous system. The assessment of cell proliferation can be achieved by using various methods. In this study, we investigated the cell proliferation of the cerebellar cortex in guinea pigs at different stages of pregnancy and in postnatal life. Fetuses were obtained by cesarean section at 50 or 60 days of gestation (dg). Immunohistochemistry was performed with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody in the cerebellum. Strong PCNA immunoreactivity was observed in the external granular layer (EGL), which is a neurogenic zone in the cerebellum. The proportion of PCNA-IR cells was greater at 1 week than at 60 dg in lobule I, but not lobule VIII. After 50 dg, the width of the EGL continued to decline until 1 week, due to the maturation of the EGL cells. These results demonstrate the pattern of PCNA immunoreactivity in the developing cerebellum of guinea pigs. This serves as a guideline to study abnormal cerebellum development.
참고문헌 (39)
- Caviness VS, "Nowakowski RS: Numbers, time and neocortical neuronogenesis: a general developmental and evolutionary model", Trends in Neuroscience, 18(9), pp.379~383 (1995)[DOI]
- Lichtenwalner RJ, "Adult neurogenesis and ischemic forebrain", J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 26, pp.1~20 (2006)[DOI]
- Curtis MA, "Neurogenesis and progenitor cells in the adult human brain: a comparison between hippocampal and subventricular progenitor proliferation", Dev Neurobiol, 72, pp.990~1005 (2012)[DOI]
- Gould E, "Hippocampal neurogenesis in adult old world primates", Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 96, pp.5263~5267 (1999)[DOI]
- Guidi S, "Postnatal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the guinea pig", Hippocampus, 15, pp.285~301 (2005)[DOI]
- Altman J, "Prenatal development of the cerebellar system in the rat. I. Cytogenesis and histogenesis of the deep nuclei and the cortex of the cerebellum", J Comp Neurol, 79(1), pp.23~48 (1978)
- Fujita S, "H3-thymidine autoradiographic studies on the cell proliferation and differentiation in the external and the internal granular layers of the mouse cerebellum", J Comp Neurol, 128(2), pp.191~208 (1966)[DOI]
- Altman J, "Autoradiographic and histological studies of postnatal neurogenesis. III. Dating the time of production and onset of differentiation of cerebellar microneurons in rats", J Comp Neurol, 136, pp.269~293 (1969)[DOI]
- Rakic P, "Neuron-glia relationship during granule cell migration in developing cerebellar cortex. A Golgi and electronmicroscopic study in Macacus Rhesus", J Comp Neurol, 141(3), pp.283~312 (1971)[DOI]
- Abraham H, "Cell formation in the cortical layers of the developing human cerebellum", Int J Dev Neurosci, 19(1), pp.53~62 (2001)[DOI]
- Ponti G, "Genesis of neuronal and glial progenitors in the cerebellar cortex of peripuberal and adult rabbits", PLoS One, 3, pp.e2366~ (2008)[DOI]
- Ponti G, "A subpial, transitory germinal zone forms chains of neuronal precursors in the rabbit cerebellum", Dev Biol, 294, pp.168~180 (2006)[DOI]
- Mallard C, "Reduced numbers of neurons in the hippocamus and cerebellum in the postnatal guinea pig following intrauterine growth restriction", Neuroscience, 100, pp.327~333 (2000)[DOI]
- Dieni S, "BDNF and TrkB protein expression is altered in the fetal hipocampus but not cerebellum after chronic prenatal compromise", Exp Neurol, 192, pp.265~273 (2005)[DOI]
- Munro K, "Developmental profile of erythropoietin and its receptor in guinea-pig retina", Cell Tissue Res, 336, pp.21~29 (2009)[DOI]
- Tolcos M, "Intrauterine growth restriction affects the maturation of myelin", Exp Neurol, 232, pp.53~65 (2011)[DOI]
- Nitsos I, "The effects of intrauterine growth retardation on the development of neuroglia in the fetal guinea pigs. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study", Int J Dev Neurosci, 8, pp.233~244 (1990)[DOI]
- Dieni S, "Distribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB receptor proteins in the fetal and postnatal hippocampus and cerebellum of the guinea pig", J Comp Neurol, 454, pp.229~240 (2002)[DOI]
- De Haan HH, "Brief repeated umbilical cord occlusions cause sustained cytotoxic cerebral edema and focal infarcts in near-term fetal lambs", Pediatr Res, 41, pp.96~104 (1997)
- Keunen H, "Transient umbilical cord occlusion in late-gestation fetal sheep results in hippocampal damage but not in cerebral arteriovenous difference for nitrite, a stabe end product of nitric oxide", J Soc Gynecol Investig, 6, pp.120~126 (1999)[DOI]
- Mallard C. Rees S, "Effects of chronic placental insufficiency on brain development in fetal sheep", Pediatr Res, 43, pp.262~270 (1998)
- Lossi L, "Cell proliferation and apoptosis during histogenesis of the guinea pig and rabbit cerebellar cortex", Ital J Anat Embryol, 107(2), pp.117~125 (2002)
- Hall PA, "Assessment of cell proliferation in pathology-what next?", Histopathology, 26(2), pp.105~112 (1995)[DOI]
- Wullimann MF, "Proliferation pattern changes in the zebrafish brain from embryonic through early postembryonic stages", Anatomy and embryology, 202(5), pp.385~400 (2000)[DOI]
- Ekstrom P, "Ventricular proliferation zones in the brain of an adult teleost fish and their relation to neuromeres and migration (secondary matrix) zones", J Comp Neurol, 436(1), pp.92~110 (2001)[DOI]
- Gil JM, "Reduced hippocampal neurogenesis in R6", 2 transgenic Huntington's disease mice, 2005, pp.20, 744~751
- He J, "Chronic alcohol exposure reduces hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic growth of newborn neurons", Eur J Neurosci, 21, pp.2711~2720 (2005)[DOI]
- Dobbing, J, "Growth and development of the brain and spinal cord of the guinea pig", Brain Res, 17(1), pp.115~123 (1970)[DOI]
- Raucci F, "Proliferative activity in the frog brain: a PCNA-immunohistochemistry analysis", J Chem Neuroanat, 32(4), pp.127~142 (2006)[DOI]
- Ogata K, "Purification and N-terminal amino acid sequence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)", cyclin and development of ELISA for anti-PCNA antibodies, 1985, pp.135(4), 2623~2627
- Bravo R, "A search for differential polypeptide synthesis throughout the cell cycle of HeLa cells", J Cell Biol, 84(3), pp.795~802 (1980)[DOI]
- Prelich GCK, "Functional identity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and a DNA polymerase-delta auxiliary protein", Nature, 326(6112), pp.517~520 (1987)[DOI]
- Fairman MP, "DNA polymerase delta", PCNA: actions and interactions, 1990, pp.95, 1~4
- Candal ER, "Patterns of cell proliferation and cell death in the developing retina and optic tectum of the brown trout", Brain Res, 154(1), pp.101~119 (2005)[DOI]
- Morris GF, "Regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen during the cell cycle", J Biol Chem, 264(23), pp.13856~13864 (1989)
- Kee NJ, "Enhanced neurogenesis after transient global ischemia in the dentate gyrus of the rat", Exp Brain Res, 136(3), pp.313~320 (2001)[DOI]
- Ryder EF, "Migration patterns of clonally related granule cells and their progenitors in the developing chick cerebellum", Neuron, 12(5), pp.1011~1028 (1994)[DOI]
- Seress L, "Divergent responses to thyroid hormone treatment of the different secondary germinal layers in the postnatal rat brain", J Hirnforsch, 19(5), pp.395~403 (1978)
- Gao WQ, "Immortalizing oncogenes subvert the establishment of granule cell identity in developing cerebellum", Development, 120(5), pp.1059~1070 (1994)
