Western Protestant Missionaries and the Origins of Korean Language Modernization
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Abstract
In this paper, I challenge the idea prevalent among Korean scholars of the history of Korean linguistics and language reforms that Western missionaries’ linguistic research from the 1880s to 1910 had no tangible or lasting effect on the work of Korean scholars and language reforms. In particular, I examine the “missionary spelling debate of 1902–1906” and its relationship to Korea’s first official attempts at orthographic reform and language modernization: the Kungmun Yŏn’guso (National Script Research Institute, 1907–1909) and the first official Japanese colonial orthography for Korean of 1912. In both cases, the shadow of James Scarth Gale and the earlier missionary debate hangs heavy over the policy recommendations of the Korean reformers.
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