A Special Relationship Not So Special Anymore: Changing Dynamics of China-Singapore Relations
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper investigates the changes in China’s strategic partnership with Singapore under the influences of China’s rise and the escalating US-China rivalry. When China had just started its economic reform, it was attracted by Singapore’s capabilities of maintaining high economic growth with strong party leadership, laying the foundation for a special relationship. But Singapore soon had to learn to strategically rebalance its policies in new geopolitical realities with China’s rising power. Differing national interests has put ChinaSingapore relations at a new low point. To deliver the above argument, this paper reviews the start of the China-Singapore relationship, then analyzes the changes in the development of China-Singapore relations in the economic and political spheres. The main findings are that China and Singapore’s pragmatism in the struggle for power and survival erodes past relations and that political deterioration overpowers economic cooperation despite its expansion.
Abstract
This paper investigates the changes in China’s strategic partnership with Singapore under the influences of China’s rise and the escalating US-China rivalry. When China had just started its economic reform, it was attracted by Singapore’s capabilities of maintaining high economic growth with strong party leadership, laying the foundation for a special relationship. But Singapore soon had to learn to strategically rebalance its policies in new geopolitical realities with China’s rising power. Differing national interests has put ChinaSingapore relations at a new low point. To deliver the above argument, this paper reviews the start of the China-Singapore relationship, then analyzes the changes in the development of China-Singapore relations in the economic and political spheres. The main findings are that China and Singapore’s pragmatism in the struggle for power and survival erodes past relations and that political deterioration overpowers economic cooperation despite its expansion.
참고문헌 (82)
- Allison, Graham, "Lee Kuan Yew:The Grand Master’s Insights on China, the United States, and the World" (2012), The MIT Press
- Bolt, Paul J., "The New Economic Partnership between China and Singapore", Asian Affairs, 232, pp.93~110 (1996)[DOI]
- Chang, David W., "The Informal Diplomacy of the Republic of China, with a Case Study of ROC’s Relations with Singapore", American Journal of Chinese Studies, 32, pp.170~185 (1996)[DOI]
- Chang, Hui, "Analysis on the Features and Formation Cause of Singaporean Diplomatic Policy under the Strategy of Balancing Diplomacy. (pinghengwaijiao zhanluexia Xinjiapodui Zhongguo he Yindude waijiao zhengce tezheng yu chengyyin tanxi)", Journal of the Party School of Jinan Municipal Committee of CPC, (02), pp.2021~2002 (2021)[DOI]
- "China’s Massive Belt and Road Initiative" (2020)[URL]
- "Taiwan Resumes Military Cooperation with Singapore" (2021)[URL]
- Chen, Shifeng, "Response to a Rising Power: Singapore Hedging Against China (yindui daguojueqi: Xinjiapo duihua duichong zhanlue pingxi)", Foreign Affairs Review, (03), pp.63~101 (2018)[DOI]
- Chia, Beng Huat, "Worlding Cities: Asian Experiments and the Art of Being Global", pp.29~54 (2011), Blackwell Publishing
- "Freedom of Navigation Operations: Better Quiet Resolve" (2015)[URL]
- "Diverging Paths? Singapore-China Relations and the East Asian Maritime Domain" (2017)[URL]
- "Singapore and Taiwan’s Multifaceted, Unofficial Ties" (2022)[URL]
- "Chinese-U.S. Split Is Forcing Singapore to Choose Sides" (2021)[URL]
- Curien, Rémi., "Singapore, a Model for Sustainable? Urban Development in China", China Perspectives, 1, pp.27~30 (2017)[DOI]
- "Census of Population 2020 Statistical Release 1:Demographic Characteristics, Education, Language and Religion" (2021)[URL]
- Editorial Board of China’s Foreign Affairs, "China’s Foreign Affairs (Zhongguo waijiao)" (2009), World Affairs Press
- Editorial Board of China’s Foreign Affairs, "China’s Foreign Affairs(Zhongguo waijiao)" (2010), World Affairs Press
- Editorial Board of China’s Foreign Affairs, "China’s Foreign Affairs(Zhongguo waijiao)" (2011), World Affairs Press
- Editorial Board of China’s Foreign Affairs, "China’s Foreign Affairs(Zhongguo waijiao)" (2017), World Affairs Press
- Editorial Board of China’s Foreign Affairs, "China’s Foreign Affairs(Zhongguo waijiao)" (2018), World Affairs Press
- "Action plan on the Belt and Road Initiative" (2015)[URL]
- "PHOTO: A U-2 Pilot Took a Selfie with the Chinese Spy Balloon the Day before the Air Force Shot It Down" (2023)[URL]
- Erbaugh, Mary S., "The Secret History of the Hakkas : The Chinese Revolution as a Hakka Enterprise", The China Quarterly, 132, pp.937~968 (1992)[DOI]
- Fan, Lei, "The Rational Logic and Dual Orientation of China and Singapore Ties (Xinjiapo fazhanyu Zhongguo guanxide lixingluojihe shuangcong mianxiang)", Issues of Contemporary World Socialism, (01), pp.158~167 (2021)[DOI]
- Fook, Lye Liang., "SINGAPORE–CHINA RELATIONS : Building Substantive Ties amidst Challenges", Southeast Asian Affairs, 2018, pp.323~337 (2018)[DOI]
- "How China Snubbed Singapore at the Belt and Road Summit" (2017)[URL]
- Ho, Benjamin T. E., "Power and Populism : What the Singapore Model Means for the Chinese Dream", The China Quarterly, 236, pp.968~987 (2018)[DOI]
- "MM Calls on US to Retain Key Role in East Asia" (2009)[URL]
- Huang, Fengzhi, "“Singapore Test”in China’s South China Sea Strategy:Roots,Limitations and Enlightenments (Zhongguozai Nanhaiwentishang mianlinde Xinjiapo kaoyan: genyuan, xianduji qishi)", Pacific Journal, (06), pp.91~101 (2019)[DOI]
- "Beijing Warns Singapore about ‘Remarks’ over Army Vehicles Row" (2017)[URL]
- "Taiwan’s Beleaguered Foreign Relations Find Stable Support in Singapore" (2017)[URL]
- Angyu Jiang, "Analysis of Singapore's China Policy : New Trends and Motivation", 한국과 세계, 2(2), pp.67~96 (2020), 한국국회학회[DOI]
- 강윤희, "싱가포르 2017: 포스트-리콴유 시대의 도전과 과제", 동남아시아연구, 28(1), pp.83~120 (2018), 한국동남아학회[DOI]
- Kuik, Cheng-Chwee., "The Essence of Hedging: Malaysia and Singapore’s Response to a Rising China", Contemporary Southeast Asia, 30(2)통권 : 08, pp.159~185 (2008)
- "Singapore in the Eyes of the Chinese: Amity and Likability" (2021)[URL]
- Lam, Peng Er, "Singapore-China Relations in Geopolitics, Economics, Domestic Politics and Public Opinion: An Awkward ‘Special Relationship’?", Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies, 10(2), pp.211~212 (2021)[DOI]
- "National Day Rally 2016" (2016)[URL]
- "The Endangered Asian Century" (2020)[URL]
- "PMO | PM Lee Hsien Loong at the Interview with CCTV-13 for Leaders’ Talk (Mar 2023)" (2023)[URL]
- Li, He., "The Chinese Discourse on Good Governance : Content and Implications", Journal of Contemporary China, 29126, pp.1~14 (2020)[DOI]
- "China, Singapore Expected to Expand Depth, Scope of BRI Cooperation on PM Lee’s Visit - Global Times" (2023)[URL]
- "National Day Rally 2016: Singapore must stand by its own principles on South China Sea" (2016)[URL]
- Lim, Kean Fan, "The “Singapore Fever” in China: Policy Mobility and Mutation", The China Quarterly, 228, pp.992~1017 (2016)[DOI]
- Lim, Kyesoon, "China’s Future, the Singapore Model (Junggukeui mirae, Singgaporeu model)", pp.28~93 (2018), Gimmyoungsa
- Lin, Chong Pin., "Beijing and Taipei : Dialectics in Post-Tiananmen Interactions", The China Quarterly, 136, pp.770~804 (1993)[DOI]
- Liu, Hong, "China and the ‘Singapore Model’: Perspectives from MidLevel Cadres and Implications for Transnational Knowledge Transfer", The China Quarterly, 236, pp.988~1011 (2018)[DOI]
- "As US, Australia Hang Tough on China, Singapore Seeks Stability" (2020)[URL]
- "Qatar: Big Lessons from a Small Country" (2017)[URL]
- Maniruzzaman, Talukder, "The Security of Small States in the Third World", pp.37~50 (1982), The Australian National University
- "Singapore-Chongqing Financial Connectivity Strengthens amid the Pandemic" (2021)[URL]
- Medeiros, Evan S., "Pacific Currents: The Responses of U.S. Allies and Security Partners in East Asia to China’s Rise", pp.159~188 (2008), RAND Corporation
- "Xi Jinping Meets with Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong" (2023)[URL]
- "Countries of the Belt and Road Initiative" (2022)[URL]
- Ortmann, Sebastian, "Introduction: The ‘Singapore model’and China’s Neo-Authoritarian Dream", The China Quarterly, 236, pp.930~945 (2018)[DOI]
- "Why the New China-Singapore Defense Agreement Matters" (2019)[URL]
- "Chongqing Connectivity Initiative and Southern Transport Corridor Are Complementary: Chan Chun Sing" (2018)[URL]
- "PMO | Joint Announcement between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Singapore on the Establishment of an All-Round High-Quality Future-Oriented Partnership" (2023)[URL]
- Rigg, Jonathan, "Singapore and the Recession of 1985", Asian Survey, 28(3), pp.340~352 (1988)[DOI]
- Roy, Denny, "Singapore, China, and the ‘Soft Authoritarian’ Challenge", Asian Survey, 34(3), pp.231~242 (1994)[DOI]
- "Singapore Deepens US Defence Ties despite Chinese Financial Inflows" (2023)[URL]
- "Minister Shanmugam, Diplomats Bilahari and Ong Keng Yong Say Prof Mahbubani’s View on Singapore’s Foreign Policy ‘Flawed’" (2017)[URL]
- Scott, David, "Indo-Pacific Strategies for Singapore and Taiwan Dealing with Major Powers", Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, pp.84~99 (2022)[DOI]
- "Asia Economic Forum on “The One-Belt One-Road Initiative: Impact and Implications” – Speech by Mr K Shanmugam, Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for Law" (2017)[URL]
- "Singapore (SGP) and China (CHN) Trade | OEC" (2020)[URL]
- "Singapore, China to Kick off Joint Military Exercises" (2023)[URL]
- Tan, Andrew T. H, "Punching Above Its Weight : Singapore’s Armed Forces and Its Contribution to Foreign Policy", Defense Studies, 11(4), pp.672~697 (2011)[DOI]
- Tan, Andrew T. H., "Singapore’s Survival and Its China Challenge", Security Challenges, 13(2), pp.18~ (2017)
- Tan, Shu-Yi, "Facilitating the US Rebalance : Challenges and Prospects for Singapore as America’s Security Partner", Security Challenges, 12(3), pp.20~33 (2016)[DOI]
- "Ex-Diplomat Says There Are ‘More Intelligent Ways’ for the U.S. To Support Taiwan than to Visit" (2022)[URL]
- Teo, Chee Han, "Review of Opening Address by Mr Teo Chee Hean, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister in Charge of the Civil Service", Presented at the Fifth China-Singapore Forum on Leadership (2015)
- "PM Lee Hsien Loong sends condolences to China on passing of expremier Li Peng" (2019)[URL]
- Thompson, Mark R., "Mis-modelling Singapore : China’s Challenges in Learning from the City-state", The China Quarterly, 236, pp.1014~1032 (2018)[DOI]
- To, L. Ling, "The Lion and the Dragon : A View on Singapore-China Relations", Journal of Contemporary China, 10(28), pp.415~425 (2001)[DOI]
- "Singapore’s Stance on Russia Shows Support for Sanctions Isn’t Limited to the West, Says Think Tank" (2022)[URL]
- "Singapore GDP per Capita" (2022)[URL]
- "Taiwan, Singapore Resume Military Cooperation after Long Hiatus: Report" (2021)[URL]
- "Countries of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) – Green Finance & Development Center" (2022)[URL]
- Wang, Jianwei, "Xi Jinping’s ‘Major Country Diplomacy’: A Paradigm Shift?", Journal of Contemporary China, 28(115), pp.15~30 (2018)[DOI]
- "Many urge next leader of China to liberalize" (2012)[URL]
- Wu, Wangshiqi, "The Retrospect and Prospect for 30 Years’ Diplomatic Relations between China and Singapore (ZhongXinjianjiao sanlingniande huigu yu zhanwang)", South and Southeast Asian Studies, (02), pp.64~76+155 (2021)[DOI]
- "How Singapore Became one of the Richest Places on Earth" (2019)[URL]
- Zhang, Mingling, "Singapore and the South China Sea Issue 2015-2018 (woxuanzhong beishu dongmeng duihua guanxi xietiaoguo Xinjiapoyu Nanhaiwenti)", Southeast Asian Studies, (04), pp.19~37+153 (2017)[DOI]
- Zhao, Suisheng., "China’s Belt-Road Initiative as the Signature of President Xi Jinping Diplomacy : Easier Said than Done", Journal of Contemporary China, 29123, pp.1~17 (2019)[DOI]
