브라질의 대안사회운동: MST(무토지 농민운동)의 자율(autonomia)정치
Brazil’s Alternative Social Movement: the Politics of MST’s Autonomy
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Historically marginalized Brazilian peasants started their struggle against the government and against neo-liberalism, forming the MST (Landless Movement / Movimento Sem Terra) in 1984 under the CPT (Comissão Pastoral da Terra)’s concern and financial support. The secret of their success of MST through their “socio-territorial movement” rests on the two facts: One is their self-sufficient financial principle; and the other is their principal for raising their militants in relatively autonomous rural communities organized around autonomous political structures that facilitate mobilization. These communities persist because their members are able to mitigate the effects of the market, by protecting their right to land from full commoditization, ensuring an adequate production of food,and avoiding the full monetarization of their subsistence needs. In addition, in order to secure the survival and development of its settlements, the MST has integrated participation in institutional politics into its mobilization strategy. However, because of the declaration of President Lula's “adeus” at the end of 2008, the continuity of the traditional alliance between the MST and the PT (Workers’ Party) is bound to become a major issue, especially at this moment that is expecting the Presidential Election in 2010.
Abstract
Historically marginalized Brazilian peasants started their struggle against the government and against neo-liberalism, forming the MST (Landless Movement / Movimento Sem Terra) in 1984 under the CPT (Comissão Pastoral da Terra)’s concern and financial support. The secret of their success of MST through their “socio-territorial movement” rests on the two facts: One is their self-sufficient financial principle; and the other is their principal for raising their militants in relatively autonomous rural communities organized around autonomous political structures that facilitate mobilization. These communities persist because their members are able to mitigate the effects of the market, by protecting their right to land from full commoditization, ensuring an adequate production of food,and avoiding the full monetarization of their subsistence needs. In addition, in order to secure the survival and development of its settlements, the MST has integrated participation in institutional politics into its mobilization strategy. However, because of the declaration of President Lula's “adeus” at the end of 2008, the continuity of the traditional alliance between the MST and the PT (Workers’ Party) is bound to become a major issue, especially at this moment that is expecting the Presidential Election in 2010.
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